Square CdS Micro/Nanosheets as Efficient Photo/Piezo-bi-Catalyst for Hydrogen Production
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Square CdS Micro/Nanosheets as Efficient Photo/Piezo‑bi‑Catalyst for Hydrogen Production Hayder A. Abbood1,2 · Akram Alabadi3 · Adnan B. Al‑Hawash4 · Anwar A. Abbood1,2,3,4,5 · Kaixun Huang1,2 Received: 31 January 2020 / Accepted: 14 April 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is a member of an important subgroup of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides that can promote a number of useful oxidation reactions under visible light and ultrasonic vibrations. Herein, we report a low-cost hydrothermal method assisted by DL-dithiothreitol for controlling the thickness of CdS nanosheets. In particular, square-like CdS nanosheets with a thickness of 28 nm were acquired at a molar ratio of 2:1 of DL-dithiothreitol to a cadmium source. Furthermore, a significant connection was observed between CdS nanosheet thickness and photocatalytic H2 evolution. Thin square nanosheets exhibited high photocatalytic activity under the combination of light and vibrational energy. These nanosheets can be assigned to active sites due to an increase in surface area and can induce a piezoelectric field in CdS via ultrasound. Thickness differences exert a critical synergy effect on photo/piezo-bi-catalyst performance. The thinnest product achieved the maximum photocatalytic H 2 production yield (1293.62 μmol g–1 h−1), which is approximately 4.2 times that of the 0-CdS micro-sheets (284.26 μmol g–1 h−1). This report illustrates the effect of CdS nanosheet thickness on photo/piezo-bi-catalytic H2-production operation and provides inspiration for engineers to develop high-efficiency twodimension photocatalysts. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Photo/piezo-bi-catalysis · CdS · Hydrogen photogeneration · Two-dimension nanosheets · Thickness control Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-020-03221-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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1 Introduction Photocatalytic water splitting is considered the most promising solution to energy storage and clean fuel production [1]. Since the pioneering work of Fujishima and Honda on the H2 evolution of titanium dioxide (TiO2) electrodes utilizing ultraviolet (UV) light in 1972 [2], numerous organic and inorganic semiconductor materials have been presented for photocatalytic H 2-evolution and water decomposing [3, 4]. To maximize the use of visible-spectrum zones in sunlight, cadmium sulfide (CdS)with a perfect position of the conduction band edge and acceptable band gap (2.42 eV) was considered an outstanding visible-lightresponsive material for hydrogen generation under solar energy [5–7]. Considerable advances have been attained in the area of CdS photocatalysts fabrication such as, nanoparticles [8], quantum dots [9, 10], nanowires [11, 12], nanorods [13, 14], nanotube [15, 16], and nanosheets [17, 18]. However, the rational desi
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