Stable Isotope Ratios Combined with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis to
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Stable Isotope Ratios Combined with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis to Identify the Dried Shark Fins Donghui Luo 1,2 & Hao Dong 2,3 & Yanping Xian 3 & Yuluan Wu 3 & Xiaofang Zeng 4
Received: 24 November 2015 / Accepted: 25 January 2016 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016
Abstract The authenticity of dried shark fins was identified using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions, chemical structure, and morphology characterization by means of element analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EAIRMS), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization of samples. The results indicated that real dried shark fins, fake dried shark fins, and artificial dried shark fins could be easily distinguished from each other. δ13C values of real dried shark fins, fake dried shark fins, and artificial dried shark fins were −14.231 ± 1.204‰, −17.247 ± 0.621‰, and −14.561 ± 1.016‰, respectively, and highly significant (P < 0.01) within real dried shark fins and fake dried shark fins. On the other hand, δ15N values of artificial dried shark fins (6.860 ± 0.519‰) and real dried shark fins (13.501 ± 2.421‰) presented significant differences (P < 0.01). Considering the obvious differences of these samples with ATR-FTIR and SEM analysis, the combination of IRMS with ATR-FTIR and SEM technique has the advantage over traditional identification method to be
* Hao Dong [email protected]; [email protected]
1
Guangzhou TaiHui Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China
2
School of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
3
National Centre for Quality Supervision and Testing of Processed Food (Guangzhou), Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Guangzhou 511400, China
4
College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
relatively good in accuracy and applicability. Thus, these techniques could potentially be useful for dried shark fin identification. Keywords Dried shark fin . Identification . IRMS . Stable carbon isotope ratio . Stable nitrogen isotope ratio . FTIR
Introduction Dried shark fin, which mainly consists of filament cartilage with fibrous protein collagens, is traditionally used in soups served at important occasions (Holmes et al. 2009; Kiyo et al. 2012; Deepthi et al. 2014). In general, the ingredients of dried shark fin are protein, essential amino acid, and a small amount of fat, sugar, and necessary minerals for human body, which makes dried shark fin a very high medical and medicinal food. Hence, the dried shark fin in market is usually a highly prized commodity. Some researchers investigated that the biggest market for dried shark fins is China, especially Hong Kong and Guangdong Province (Clarke et al. 2006a, b, 2007; Rima et al. 2015). Due to the huge consumer market, the dried shark fins h
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