Biomineralization in human pancreas: A combined infrared-spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray Rietveld anal
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Soumen Ghosh Department of Physics, Gour Mahavidyalaya, Malda, West Bengal 732142, India
Arkaprovo Roy Department of Surgery, Malda Medical College and Hospital, Malda, West Bengal 732101, India
Alok Kumar Mukherjeea) Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India (Received 30 June 2015; accepted 9 November 2015)
Structural characterization, quantitative phase analysis, and morphological behavior of biomineralized deposits in human pancreas [pancreatic stones (PSs)] have been carried out using infrared (IR)spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder x-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry - differential scanning calorimetry (TG–DSC). The fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra indicated that the primary composition of PSs was calcium carbonate. An x-ray powder diffraction phase quantification using the Rietveld method revealed that five of the pancreatic calculi were composed exclusively of calcite (CAL) and the remaining four contained small amounts of vaterite and aragonite in addition to the CAL phase. The crystallite size of CAL in the PSs study varied between 104(6) and 181(2) nm. The SEM images of pancreatic calculi showed a variety of crystal morphologies for biogenic CAL crystallites such as, thin plates, spherulites, prisms, and cylindrical laths. Thermogravimetric analysis of PS1 reveals that biogenic CAL is stable up to 910 K, above which temperature CAL transforms into calcium oxide.
I. INTRODUCTION
Biogenic crystals i.e., crystals produced by living organisms, have attracted considerable attention in recent years because of their structural diversity, and fascinating micro- and nanostructures.1–3 Biomineralization can occur in different parts and tissues in the human body, including kidney, gallbladder and pancreas.4–6 The genesis of pathological biomineralization7 is a multifactorial complex process mediated by infections, metabolic, and genetic syndromes.8,9 Apart from substantial suffering and associated morbidity, the deposition of minerals in the human urinary or biliary system (commonly called calculi or stones) is linked to several conditions ranging from poor voiding to renal, gastroenterological, or pancreatic dysfunction. Different aspects of such calcification, particularly the phase composition, quantification, and morphological features at the mesoscopic scale, must be taken into account for
Contributing Editor: Colin Freeman a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2015.363 328
J. Mater. Res., Vol. 31, No. 3, Feb 15, 2016
http://journals.cambridge.org
Downloaded: 26 Jun 2016
a deeper understanding of the processes leading to their formation and the development of appropriate prophylactic measures.10,11 In comparison to numerous reports on the composition, crystalline properties, structural and morphological features of kidney and gallbladder stones,12–17 only few studies focused on the mineralogy and mechanism of formation of pancreatic stones (PSs).18,19 Traditionally, pancreatic cal
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