Starch Based Blends, Composites and Nanocomposites
The development and production of biodegradable starch-based materials has attracted more and more attention in recent years due to the depletion in the world’s oil resources and the growing interest in easing the environmental burden from petrochemically
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Starch Based Blends, Composites and Nanocomposites Long Yu, Xingxun Liu, Eustathios Petinakis, Katherine Dean and Stuart Bateman
Abstract The development and production of biodegradable starch-based materials has attracted more and more attention in recent years due to the depletion in the world’s oil resources and the growing interest in easing the environmental burden from petrochemically derived polymers. Furthermore, the unique microstructures of different starches can be used as an outstanding model system to illustrate the conceptual approach to understanding the relationship between the structures and properties in polymers. Abbreviations BC MC MDI MMT PBSA PCL PFRR PHB PHBV PLA REX SA TPS
Bacterial cellulose Moisture content Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate Montmorillonite Poly(butylene succinate adipate) Poly(caprolactone Polymer from renewable recourse Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate Poly(lactic acid) Reactive extrusion Starch acetate Thermoplastic starch
L. Yu (&) X. Liu E. Petinakis K. Dean S. Bateman Materials Science and Engineering, CSIRO, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia e-mail: [email protected] X. Liu Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resources, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China
S. Thomas et al. (eds.), Advances in Natural Polymers, Advanced Structured Materials 18, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-20940-6_4, Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
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4.1 Introduction The development and production of biodegradable starch-based materials has attracted more and more attention in recent years due to the depletion in the world’s oil resources and the growing interest in easing the environmental burden from petrochemically derived polymers. Furthermore, the unique microstructures of different starches can be used as an outstanding model system to illustrate the conceptual approach to understanding the relationship between the structures and properties in polymers. Like most polymers from petroleum, starch-based materials are rarely used by themselves. Starch was initially used as filler blended with various polymers, especially with polyolefins. Recently, blending starch with biodegradable polymers has attracted great interest. Starch-based materials are hydrophilic and are water-soluble. Water solubility raises degradability and increases the speed of degradation; however, this moisture sensitivity limits their application. Blending and compositing of starch with other kinds of polymers can be used to improve their properties. Blends can also aid in the development of new low-cost products with better performance. However, hydrophobic synthetic polymers and hydrophilic starch are thermodynamically immiscible, leading to poor adhesion between the two components, and hence poor and irreproducible performance. Various compatibilizers and additives have been investigated and have been found to improve the interfacial interactions of these blends. Fibers have been widely used in polymeric composites to improve mechanical properties. Cel
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