Statistical Insights Regarding Fully Softened Shear Strength
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Statistical Insights Regarding Fully Softened Shear Strength Yuderka Trinidad Gonza´lez
. Vernon R. Schaefer . Derrick K. Rollins
Received: 6 January 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The fully softened shear strength (FSS) concept is a practical approximation of the mobilized drained shear strength of first-time slides in stifffissured clays. There has been a recent increase in interest in measurement and estimation of FSS secant friction angle (FSS-/0 sec) to develop correlations for preliminary design and cost approximation. However, such correlations do not help in understanding the cause and effect relationship between soil properties and FSS-/0 sec. In this study, a laboratory database containing FSS-/0 sec values (output) and soil properties (inputs) of several overconsolidated clays is used to develop a predictive model for FSS-/0 sec (output or response). The goal is to detect which inputs from the whole parameter space dominate the response while creating an accurate prediction tool to provide statistical insights regarding the FSS-/0 sec. The proposed methodology is used to assess and quantify the
Y. Trinidad Gonza´lez (&) V. R. Schaefer Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA e-mail: [email protected] V. R. Schaefer e-mail: [email protected] D. K. Rollins Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA e-mail: [email protected]
relationships among variables, estimate testing device effects on FSS-/0 sec, and analyze the danger of extrapolation due to model constraints. The applicability of the predicted FSS-/0 sec is also evaluated and compared. Recommendations regarding the studied prediction tools for slope stability design in stifffissured clays are provided. Keywords Fully softened shear strength Slope stability Stiff fissured clays Predictive model Correlation analysis Statistical insights
1 Introduction Determination of soil parameters for conducting stability analysis of stiff-fissured clays has long been a significant challenge in the geotechnical field. Since Skempton’s elucidation of the issues (1964, 1967, 1970, 1977), it has become well-established that the mobilized shear strength for first-time slides in stiff-fissured clays subjected to softening corresponds to strengths below the peak and above the residual. Skempton (1970) introduced the concept of fully softened strength (FSS), relating mobilized shear strength to shear strength measured in the laboratory by application of the critical state concept presented by Schofield and Wroth (1968). Skempton (1970) established that FSS parameters c0s (effective
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cohesion), and us (effective friction angle) are numerically equal to peak-strength parameters of remolded normally consolidated clay (based on results of Brown London clay testing). Currently,
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