Strength of Aluminum Alloys for Bridge Building
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NCED MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Strength of Aluminum Alloys for Bridge Building A. V. Korgina, P. D. Odesskiib, *, V. A. Ermakova, L. Z. Zeid Kelania, V. A. Romanetsa, and E. A. Korolevaa aNational
University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, 129337 Russia bTsNIISK AO NITs Stroitel’stvo, Moscow, 109428 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Received March 21, 2019; revised March 21, 2019; accepted April 15, 2019
Abstract—The resistance of aluminum alloys to the actions that are characteristic of operation in the loadbearing structures of bridge constructions, namely, fatigue, static, impact loads, and crack propagation, is studied. It is shown that, in bridge building, medium-strength aluminum alloys of the Al–Mg, Al–Mg–Si, and Al–Zn–Mg systems should be used. The specific features of deformation and fracture of aluminum alloys that affect their ductility, fracture energy, fracture toughness, and fatigue life are revealed. Keywords: aluminum alloys, load-bearing bridge structures, strength, ductility, fracture toughness, fatigue life DOI: 10.1134/S003602952004014X
INTRODUCTION Bridge metal structures are usually made of steel and it is advisable to use aluminum alloys in some cases [1]. Aluminum and its alloys are known to belong to light metals: their densities are about three times lower than that of steels (2.7 and 7.85 kg/m3, respectively); therefore, the structures made of aluminum alloys with the same bearing capacity are much lighter. The use of aluminum alloys is effective in the cases where the weight of the structures is the main load (e.g., drawbridges) and, especially, in constructing (or reconstructing) bridges in hard-to-reach areas with limited construction periods (important for the areas of the North and Siberia of our country, which are being extensively mastered), at the sites of historical building, where the minimum size of structures and physical and aesthetic impact on the environment are necessary. In addition, aluminum structures are easy to dispose. The important advantages of aluminum alloys are as follows: the stability of the strength and plastic properties over the entire range of climatic and even cryogenic temperatures [2] (as in other fcc metals), high corrosion resistance, and good technical ductility allowing to produce pipes and profiles of complex shape with a large cross-sectional size. In this case, one should take into account such features of the behavior of aluminum structures as possible increased deformability, which is a consequence of the elastic modulus three times lower than that of steel (E = 0.7 × 105 and 2.06 × 105 N/mm2, respectively), and the risk
of electrochemical corrosion in contact areas with steel structural elements. Foreign practice demonstrates the efficiency of using aluminum and its alloys in bridge building. For example, in the United States, Canada, and England, road and pedestrian bridges made of aluminum alloys have been erected for more than 80 years [3, 4]; in continental Europe, the first road welded bridge, operating to date, was built i
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