Strength of Microbes in Nutrient Cycling: A Key to Soil Health
Nowadays, due to continuous degradation in soil quality, a healthy soil system is the result of a complex network of physical, chemical, and biological soil quality indicators. Healthy soils provide a balance between the needs of both farmers and communit
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Strength of Microbes in Nutrient Cycling: A Key to Soil Health Nisha Sahu, D. Vasu, Asha Sahu, Narayan Lal, and S.K. Singh
Abstract
Nowadays, due to continuous degradation in soil quality, a healthy soil system is the result of a complex network of physical, chemical, and biological soil quality indicators. Healthy soils provide a balance between the needs of both farmers and community. Soil organic matter (SOM) helps to sustain the soil health as well as its quality, inactivate toxic compounds, suppress pathogens, and protect environmental sustainability. It implies interactions among the soil’s internal and external components for the sustainable food production system. The efficient soil microbes play an important role, since they are responsible to drive various biological transformations and different pools of carbon (C) and macro- and micronutrients, which facilitate the subsequent establishment of soil-plant- microbe interaction. The diversity of microbes in soil system is enormous. This article emphasizes the role of microbes for soil health through the decomposition of SOM present in soil system. Toward the global knowledge of soil microbial dynamics, its function is increasing rapidly, but the knowledge of rhizospheric complex is limited, despite of their importance in regulating soil-plant systems. Keywords
Soil health • Microorganisms • Nutrient transformations • Sustainable
N. Sahu (*) • D. Vasu ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India e-mail: [email protected] A. Sahu ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India N. Lal • S.K. Singh ICAR-National Research Centre on Litchi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 V.S. Meena et al. (eds.), Agriculturally Important Microbes for Sustainable Agriculture, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-5589-8_4
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Introduction
The importance of soil is increasing at an alarming rate due to the rapidly growing worldwide population as healthy soils will be less to meet the future food supply due to growing pressure on land for urban expansion, biofuel production, and natural resource extraction (Meena et al. 2013a; Bahadur et al. 2014; Jha and Subramanian 2016; Kumar et al. 2016a, b). The soil develops by degeneration of rocks as well as minerals, through biotic actions of microbes sustained by them (Bahadur et al. 2017; Verma et al. 2017b; Kumar et al. 2017a; Nath et al. 2017). It represents dynamic ecosystems, making it appropriate to think about them in terms such as health, vitality, and soil sustainability. Soils are the resources that provide humans with ~90% of all the food we consume. Our one major challenge is to manage soils in a sustainable fashion so that they will meet the needs of the next generation (Maurya et al. 2014; Jat et al. 2015; Kumar et al. 2015; Ahmad et al. 2016; Meena et al. 2015f, 2016a; Parewa et al. 2014; Dotaniya et al. 2016; Jaiswal et al. 2016). Meanwhile, measurement of soil processes and its properties linked to
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