Synergistic Effects of Soil Microbes on Solidago canadensis Depend on Water and Nutrient Availability
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PLANT MICROBE INTERACTIONS
Synergistic Effects of Soil Microbes on Solidago canadensis Depend on Water and Nutrient Availability Michael Opoku Adomako 1,2
&
Wei Xue 2 & Min Tang 2 & Dao-Lin Du 1 & Fei-Hai Yu 2
Received: 10 March 2020 / Accepted: 4 June 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Soil microbes may greatly affect plant growth. While plants are commonly associated with diverse communities of soil microbes, complementary roles of different microbial communities that may stimulate synergistic effects on plant growth are not adequately tested. Also, such synergistic effects may vary with environmental conditions such as soil nutrient and water availability. We conducted a greenhouse experiment with a widespread clonal plant Solidago canadensis. The experiment was a factorial design with four levels of soil microbial inoculation (fresh soil inocula from grasslands in northern and southern China that were expected to differ in soil microbial composition, a mixture of the two fresh soil inocula, and a sterilized mixed inoculum control), two levels of nutrient availability (low vs. high), and two levels of water supply (low vs. high, i.e., 1376 vs. 352 mm per year). Irrespective of water supply and nutrient availability, total, aboveground, and belowground mass of S. canadensis were generally higher when the plant grew in soil inoculated with a mixture of soil microbes from the south and north of China (in the mixed inoculum treatment) than when it grew in soil inoculated with soil microbes from only the north or the south or the sterilized control. Such effects of soil microbes on total and aboveground mass were stronger under high than under low nutrient availability and also under high than under low water supply. Our results suggest that interactions of different soil microbial communities can result in a synergistic effect on plant growth and such a synergistic effect depends on environmental conditions. The findings shed light on the importance of plant–microbe interactions during the spreading of some plant species in face of increased atmospheric nutrient deposition coupled with altered rainfall pattern due to global change. Keywords Drought . Environmental context . Plant–microbe interactions . Soil microbial communities . Synergistic interactions
Introduction Interactions between plants and soil microbes can have profound impacts on the structure and productivity of plant communities [1–5]. Such biotic interactions also play key roles in global carbon and nutrient cycling [6–9] and are important for
* Dao-Lin Du [email protected] * Fei-Hai Yu [email protected] 1
Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
2
Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
predicting species distribution under
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