Strong fixation preference in patients with manifest exotropia: Does it matter or not?
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Strong fixation preference in patients with manifest exotropia: Does it matter or not? Burcin Cakir Erkan C ¸ elik
. Nilgu¨n O ¨ zkan Aksoy . O ¨ zlem Bursalı . Sedat O ¨ zmen .
Received: 1 May 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the influence of strong fixation preference on clinical and surgical outcomes, in nonamblyopic patients with basic-type intermittent exotropia (IXT). Materials and methods The records of patients were retrospectively investigated. Non-amblyopic patients with the diagnosis of basic-type IXT were enrolled and divided into two groups according to the presence of strong fixation preference (SFP). Best-corrected visual acuity, refractive errors, deviations in near and distance, convergence patterns, motor fusion, stereopsis were evaluated and compared. Patients who underwent surgery in each group composed subgroups and postoperative deviations, convergence patterns, motor fusion, and stereopsis were compared.
Results Seventy-seven patients were enrolled and divided into two groups according to the presence of SFP: patients with SFP composed Group 1 and patients with alternating fixation composed Group 2. Statistically significant difference was seen between groups in terms of motor fusion (p: 0.02). Other parameters did not differ between groups. Data obtained from patients in subgroups of each group were not statistically different. Conclusion The evaluation of basic-type exotropic patients according to their fixation preference revealed us that motor fusion might be affected by strong fixation preference. We also observed that SFP did not affect surgical success rates, convergence patterns, and stereopsis of exotropic patients. Keywords Intermittent exotropia Strong fixation preference Strabismus surgery
¨ . Aksoy O ¨ . Bursalı B. Cakir (&) N. O ¨ zmen E. C¸elik S. O Sakarya University Education and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] ¨ . Aksoy N. O e-mail: [email protected] ¨ . Bursalı O e-mail: [email protected] ¨ zmen S. O e-mail: [email protected] E. C¸elik e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is the most common type of manifest exodeviations. If left untreated, this condition may remain stable, resolve or progress to constant exotropia. IXT has been divided into four groups according to Burian’s classification system: basic, divergence excess, convergence insufficiency, and pseudo-divergence excess types [1].
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Int Ophthalmol
Correction of refractive errors, part time occlusion, orthoptic exercises are non-surgical treatment methods. If fusional control becomes poor, large-angle deviation or cosmetic problems occur, and surgical treatment is indicated [2]. The reported success rates in all types of IXT have been about 60–70% [3, 4]. Various factors might be affected success rates, and there have been many papers discussing these factors. Type of surgery, age at surgery, preoperative
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