Structural and Photocatalytic Behavior of Vanadium Incorporated ETS-4 Zeolite
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Structural and Photocatalytic Behavior of Vanadium Incorporated ETS-4 Zeolite Eman Z. Hegazy 1,2 & Samia A. Kosa 1
&
Islam Hamdy Abd El Maksod 1,2 & Doaa F. Baamer 1
Received: 13 May 2019 / Accepted: 14 October 2019 # Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract In this research Ti-zorite phase (ETS-4) was examined as a photo catalyst for degradation of malachite green dye. Incorporation of Vanadium into framework of ETS-4 was performed in different Ti:V mole ratio within the same preparation conditions. XRD, UV. Visible diffuse reflectance, IR, SEM, and EDX analysis were used to characterize the prepared zeolites. In addition, Photo catalytic degradation of malachite green was chosen as a model reaction to examine the prepared zeolites. The results showed that the pure phase of ETS-4 was attained as only pure phase. Incorporation of Vanadium increases the crystallinity of ETS-4 phase reaches maximum crystallinity at 50% V after which crystallinity decreases again reaches null at 80–100% V samples. SEM and EDX analysis in addition to XRD lattice analysis proved the successful incorporation of V into the framework of zeolite matrix. More than one evidence were arisen that both vanadium and titanium active centers was responsible for photo catalytic degradation. A correlation between the structure and surface titanium active centers were put to elucidate the photo catalytic activity. Three dimensional synergism function was written, finding that, maximum synergism was attained at 5–20 min at 50–70% V. Keywords Zorite . XRD . Vanadium incorporation . Photocatalytic degradation . Malachite green
1 Introduction The incorporation of titanium in the zeolitic framework resulted in a novel mixed octahedral tetrahedral framework structures. The prepared materials has the same original properties of zeolite in addition to many new physical and chemical aspects [1–3]. Until now, ten proved open framework structure titanosilicates have been prepared. The most frequently examined structures are ETS-10, ETS-4 (analog of zorite), AM2 (analog of Umbite), AM-4 (analog of lintisite), sitinakite [3] and GTS-1 (analog of Ivanyukite) [4]. The application and use of these materials could be as a catalyst in addition to ion exchange.
* Samia A. Kosa [email protected] 1
Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2
Physical Chemistry Department|, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
The incorporation of the foreign cation in microporous framework is considered to be a very important valuable work. This may be due to the new active centers that could be generated which of course enhances the new catalytic behavior [5]. Thus, the presence of titanium or iron in the titanosilicates framework has been reported to give anewenhanced properties to the prepared materials [3, 6–8]. Among many titanosilicates ETS-4 attracted more interest. The ETS-4 has analog of zorite mineral with 12 and 8 membered ring channels with combination of TiO6 octahedra with SiO4 tetrahedra [9]. A
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