Structural Characteristics and Piezoelectric Properties of Electrospun Piezoelectric nanofibers
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Structural Characteristics and Piezoelectric Properties of Electrospun Piezoelectric nanofibers Shi, Yong 1; Xu, Shiyou 1; Kim, Sang-Gook 2; Libera, Matthew 3.
1. Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA. 2. Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. 3. Chemical, Biomedical and Materials Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
Introduction Lead Zirconate Titanate (PbZr1-xTixO3, PZT) is a typical piezoelectric material with highest electromechanical coupling coefficient, high dielectric constant and large remnant polarization [1]. The advantages of PZT-based devices include high frequency bandwidth, fast response, and high sensitivity. Traditionally, piezoelectric actuators and sensors are all in bulk or thin film forms. One dimensional piezoelectrics provides more flexibility in its application. Piezoelectric fibers have been used either as building blocks for active composites and structures or functional materials for sensing and actuation applications [2]. Recently, electrospinning has been used to obtain a variety of continuous polymer and ceramic nano fibers with diameters at nano scale. It also provides the possibility to achieve nano piezoelectric fibers for nano actuation applications and standalone nanosensors. PZT fibers present the engineers with an attractive form of active material, suitable for inclusion into composite structures and novel actuators and sensor devices because of its increased anisotropy, excellent flexibility and improved strength over monolithic PZT ceramics [3]. Currently, there are three major methods to fabricate PZT nanofibers, hydrothermal synthesis [4], sol electrophoretic deposition [5], and MOD electrospinning method [6]. However, the fibers (or nanowires) produced by hydrothermal and electrophoretc deposition, which are bottom-up methods, are discontinuous, which creates difficulties in their alignment, assembly, and processing into working devices [7]. In contrast, electrospinning method can produce continuous fibers with diameters of tens to hundreds nanometers [8], and it is easy to get aligned fibers using simple auxiliary methods [8]. Sol-gel processing is wet chemical route for the synthesis and processing of inorganic and organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Sol-gel processing offers many advantages, including low processing temperature and molecular level homogeneity [5]. In this paper, we present a new approach for developing nano piezoelectric fibers, which utilizing electrospinning and sol-gel process. The morphology, crystal structure and nanostructure of PZT nanofibers were investigated, and the relationship between the materials concentration and the fibers diameters were obtained, we also obtained the piezoelectric property of this PZT fibers.
Experimental The starting material, PZT sol-gel (MMC Electronics America Inc), Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) PVP (Aldrich), was commercially obtained, and alcohol was used as solvent
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for PVP. In add
