Structural, Electrical, and Magnetic Characteristics of Chemically Synthesized Lead-Free Double Perovskite: BiMgFeCeO 6
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Structural, Electrical, and Magnetic Characteristics of Chemically Synthesized Lead-Free Double Perovskite: BiMgFeCeO6 Kalpana Parida 1
&
R. N. P. Choudhary 1
Received: 20 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the present paper, structural, microstructural, dielectric, electrical, and magnetic characteristics of a chemically synthesized double perovskite compound BiMgFeCeO6 have been reported. An analysis of room temperature X-ray diffraction data has shown formation of compound with orthorhombic symmetry. Study of micrographs of the pellets has shown the homogeneous distribution of grains, grain boundaries, and presence of required elements in the sample. Detailed studies of dielectric (εr, tan δ) and impedance parameters of the material have provided an insight into the electrical properties and understanding of types of relaxation process occurred in the material. The semiconductor characteristic (i.e., negative temperature coefficient of resistance behavior) of the compound at high temperature has been observed in the temperature-dependent dc conductivity study. As the characteristics of the frequency dependence of ac conductivity of the material follow Jonscher’s universal power law, the validity of analysis and good quality of the sample are confirmed. The occurrence of ferroelectric polarization (hysteresis loop), magnetization loop, and magnetoelectric pattern in the material confirms the multiferroicity in it. Keywords Chemical reaction method . Dielectric properties . Impedance spectroscopy . Magnetic properties
1 Introduction Since the discovery of ferroelectricity in barium titanate (BaTiO3), a large number of oxides of different structural family have been examined to get high dielectric constant, spontaneous polarization, piezoelectric coefficient, pyroelectric figure of merit, and low tangent loss useful for device fabrication. Among them, some lead-free (BaTiO3, BaSrTiO3) and lead-based perovskite compounds (lead zirconate titanate (PZT), lead magnesium niobate (PMN)) have been found potential for above room temperature applications and thus widely used. The lead-based perovskite ferroelectrics are toxic and volatile in nature. During high-temperature processing of lead-based compounds, the vocalization of poisonous lead oxide causes environmental pollution problem. The loss of lead also affects the electrical properties, structural instability, and composition of the materials.
* Kalpana Parida [email protected] 1
Multifunctional Laboratory, Physics Department, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751030, India
Furthermore, the products having lead-based gadgets are nonrecyclable. In view of the above problems of lead compounds, now attempts are being made to develop biocompatible and environmentally friendly lead-free perovskite or double perovskite materials with enhanced ferroelectric or multi-ferroelectric properties (as compared with those of lead-based
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