Structural Evolution of Martensitic Steel During Dry Sliding Friction Studied with Synchrotron Radiation
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Structural Evolution of Martensitic Steel During Dry Sliding Friction Studied with Synchrotron Radiation Kemal I. Emurlaev1 · Ivan A. Bataev1 · Vladimir G. Burov1 · Daria V. Lazurenko1 · Martin Rosenthal2 · Manfred Burghammer2 · Ivan V. Ivanov1 · Alexey A. Ruktuev1 · Dimitri A. Ivanov3 · Anatoly A. Bataev1 Received: 20 January 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Sliding friction causes significant structural transformations in the subsurface layers of interacting materials. These changes are associated with complicated mechanochemical processes which include but not limited to plastic flow, refinement of structure, increase of dislocation density, oxidation, delamination and formation of wear debris. In this study we attempted to observe some of these processes using synchrotron X-ray diffraction using operando and ex situ approaches. For this reason a special friction tester was used, which allows probing the surface layer of the sample using X-ray microbeam. The research was carried out at Beamline ID13 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The as-quenched medium-carbon steel AISI-5135 was used in experiments. The effect of friction on X-ray line broadening, texturing and formation of iron oxides was analysed and discussed. Keywords Martensite · Dry sliding · Synchrotron radiation · Operando
1 Introduction Being an inevitable part of friction process wear is known as one of the most common reasons of failure of various machines and mechanisms. The specific phenomena that are responsible for gradual degradation of the surface have been actively studied in the latter half of the last century [1–5]. A lot of different approaches to analyze the processes occurring during the operation of friction units have been developed. Numerous studies were devoted to examination of dramatic changes occurring at the surface and in the subsurface layers leading to mild-to-catastrophic wear under various conditions of friction [4,6–12]. Multiple studies show that dry sliding friction causes significant structural transformations in the subsurface layers of interacting materials. These changes are due to the high pressures coupled with the shear stresses which contribute to heat spot generation and formation of high local strains. In
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Kemal I. Emurlaev [email protected]
1
Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
2
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
3
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
turn, such phenomena could lead to severe plastic deformation, phase transformations, grain and sub-grain refinement, decomposition of solid solutions, formation of a crystallographic texture, precipitation or dissolution of nanoscale inclusions and chemical interaction between the materials and the ambient medium [6,10–18]. In most of the studies, the process of wear is analyzed using some combination of classical metallographic destructive and non-destructive methods of materials’ characte
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