Structural Evolution of Nickel Doped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures
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Structural Evolution of Nickel Doped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Navendu Goswami, Anshuman Sahai Department of Physics and Material Science and Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sec. 62, Noida -201307, India. ABSTRACT In this article, structural evolution in nickel doped zinc oxide nanostructures is reported. The ZnO nanostructures are synthesized with 1-10% of Ni doping adopting a chemical precipitation method. The undoped and doped nanostructures thus prepared, were systematically investigated employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM/SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and micro-Raman spectroscopy (ȝRS). The identification of wurtzite phase and determination of lattice parameters of Ni doped ZnO nanocrystallites is ascertained through XRD analysis. TEM/SEM images reveal the structural alteration of ZnO with variation of Ni doping concentrations. The study of vibrational modes of nanostructures at different stages of structural transformation, as performed through FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, assist in deciphering the crucial role of Ni doping concentration in gradual evolution of nickel doped ZnO structure from nanoparticles to nanorods. INTRODUCTION Semiconductor and magnetic nanostructures are promising candidates for diverse device applications and therefore, widely investigated by researchers [1-27]. Although the properties of ultrafine semiconductor particles have been studied for long time, various structure dependent optical, electronic and magnetic phenomena of these nanoparticles still remain inconclusive [2]. Despite immense research work on doped nanostructured materials, there are few reports on transition metal doped ZnO nanostructures, particularly about their structural, optical and vibrational properties [1-4]. The doping of nanostructure with transition metal is an effective technique to adjust the energy levels and surface states of ZnO, which can further introduce changes in its physical and optical properties [2]. However, it is still a great challenge to synthesize transition metal doped ZnO nanostructures by means of a simple process with a low cost and high yield [1, 4]. The sol-gel method is usually considered as an effective approach and promising route for synthesizing doped ZnO nanomaterials at low temperature [1, 4]. Among various transition metal doped materials, the growth and study of Ni-doped ZnO nanostructures is of enormous significance due to their potential applications in spintronics, opto-electronics and sensing devices [1-5]. In this report we demonstrate influence of Ni doping on the modification of structural and electronic properties of doped ZnO nanostructures. EXPERIMENT The Ni doped ZnO nanostructures (say Ni:ZnO NS) were synthesized employing chemical precipitation method. The detailed procedure and mechanism behind the formation of nanoparticles this approach is now well established and can be found elsewhere [2]. In order to obtain 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% doping of Ni in ZnO, the requisite amo
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