Structural investigation of barium zirconium titanate Ba(Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 3 particles synthesized by high energy ball mi
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Structural investigation of barium zirconium titanate Ba(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 particles synthesized by high energy ball milling process ¨ ZEN AKTAS¸ PELIN SO Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, S¸ ehit Prof. Dr. I˙lhan Varank Campus, Muradiye-Manisa 45140, Turkey E-mail: [email protected] MS received 22 June 2020; accepted 29 July 2020
Abstract. In this study, pure barium zirconium titanate Ba(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 (BZT) powders were successfully synthesized via the mechanochemical route using barium carbonate and titanium oxide as precursors. Structural properties of BZT are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, and FT-IR spectroscopy. It was observed that the ball milling operation has a significant influence on sintering temperature. Single-phase BZT was obtained under sintering conditions at 1350 °C. XRD and Rietveld refinement studies revealed that BZT composition has a cubic structure with a space group of Pm-3m (#221). As estimated by the Scherrer formula, the average crystallite size was determined as 79.2 nm for sintering temperature at 1350 °C. Keywords. Barium zirconium titanate; High energy ball milling; X-ray diffraction; Rietveld.
1. Introduction Since the discovery of the relaxor ferroelectrics in the 1950s, many kinds of research have been focused on the synthesis of perovskite materials to achieve their use in favorable capacitors and actuators.1, 2 However, relaxor behavior was mainly obtained in lead-based and derived compositions. Unfortunately, because of the volatility and toxicity of the Pb-containing compounds, it has some severe drawbacks. Thus, the purpose of this study was to synthesize and characterize an environment-friendly Pb-free relaxor derived from BZT. Many kinds of researches have been performed on BaZrxTi(1-x)O3 (BZT) structures doped with zirconium in microwave devices and modern technology, due to their high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and relatively high tunability.3–5 Depending on the Zr content, BZT has been reported to have excellent dielectric properties when x is x B 0.2 and shows relaxor ferroelectric behavior at x C 0.3.6, 7 At higher Zr concentration; a typical ferroelectric relaxation behavior have been observed.8 Maiti et al.,9 showed that the BaZrxTi1-xO3 solid solution system had a polar cluster-like action at a higher BaZrO3 *For correspondence
concentration (0.85 C x C 1.00). In another study, the regular occurrence of relaxor behavior for the 0.50 C x C 0.80 range was performed by substituting Ti4? ions with Zr4? in the BaZrO3 matrix, which was very low dielectric constant.10 However, studies on the synthesis and structural features of the Ba(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 in which it displays relaxor feature is limited.2, 11 The synthesis route for BZT powders is notable for determining the structural
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