Diffusional and electrochemical investigation of combustion synthesized BaLi 2 Ti 6 O 14 titanate anode for rechargeable
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EARLY CAREER SCHOLARS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE 2019 Diffusional and electrochemical investigation of combustion synthesized BaLi2Ti6O14 titanate anode for rechargeable batteries Anshuman Chaupatnaik and Prabeer Barpandaa) Faraday Materials Laboratory, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India (Received 1 June 2018; accepted 29 June 2018)
Energy-savvy auto-combustion synthesis was used to form the porous BaLi2Ti6O14 titanate anode. It registered the lowest calcination temperature (800 °C) along with the shortest calcination duration (2 h). Rietveld analysis confirmed the purity of the orthorhombic (s.g. Cmca) product phase. The bond valence site energy analysis indicated a 1D ionic conduction along c axis with low activation energy and 2D pathways along (010) with high activation energy. AC conductivity analysis revealed a bulk conductivity of 2.41 104 S/cm (at 300 °C) with a moderate activation energy barrier (0.68 eV). From cyclic voltammetry, the Li1 diffusion coefficient was calculated to be 1011–1012 cm2/s. The as-synthesized BaLi2Ti6O14 reversibly intercalated ;1.3 Li1 involving a 1.42 V Ti41/Ti31 redox activity delivering capacity ;100 mA h/g with good cyclability over 100 cycles. Furthermore, BaLi2Ti6O14 was found to reversibly intercalate ;0.89 Na1. With suitable diffusional and electrochemical performance, BaLi2Ti6O14 form a safe titanate anode for secondary batteries. Prabeer Barpanda is an Assistant Professor in the Materials Research Center at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore. He completed his B.Engg. from the National Institute of Technology Rourkela (NITR-India, 2002), M. Phil. from the University of Cambridge (U.K., 2004), and Ph.D. from Rutgers University, 2009. He pursued postdoctoral work under Prof. J.M. Tarascon (Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, France, 2009–2010) and with Prof. A. Yamada (The University of Tokyo, Japan, 2011–2013) with a JSPS fellowship. Prabeer’s research revolves around synthesis, structural, and electrochemical study of novel materials for secondary Li-ion/ Na-ion batteries and supercapacitors. He has received several awards including the Ross Coffin Purdy Award (The American Ceramic Society), the ISE Prize for Applied Electrochemistry (International Society of Electrochemistry), the Energy Technology Division Young Investigator Award (The Electrochemical Society), and INSA Medal for Young Scientists (Indian National Science Academy). He directs the Faraday Materials Laboratory (FaMaL) at IISc. (http:// www.prabeer.in) Prabeer Barpanda
I. INTRODUCTION
In the energy-hungry 21st century, sustainable energy ‘generation’ by renewable sources and efficient ‘storage’ for (mobile) distribution form two key technological sectors. Efficient energy storage can be realized by various electrochemical energy storage devices; batteries being the leader with their high gravimetric energy/power density and robust cyclability. The saga of batteries became popular with the commercialization of rechargeable Li-ion batteries by SONYÒ (Tok
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