Structural validation of the ORTO-12-FR questionnaire among a French sample as a first attempt to assess orthorexia nerv
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Structural validation of the ORTO‑12‑FR questionnaire among a French sample as a first attempt to assess orthorexia nervosa in France Camille Babeau1 · Tristan Le Chevanton1 · Sabrina Julien‑Sweerts2 · Aurélie Brochenin2 · Lorenzo Maria Donini3 · Damien Fouques2 Received: 7 August 2019 / Accepted: 11 December 2019 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Abstract Purpose To the best of our knowledge, no scientific publications on orthorexia nervosa have been based on a French population. The goal of our study was to confirm the factor structure of the French version of the ORTO-15 questionnaire. Methods An online survey (N = 768) was conducted asking participants (84.77% were women) to answer several questions about their dietary habits and to assess orthorexia nervosa using the ORTO-15 scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used for the validation. Results Given our results, we deemed it necessary to adapt the French version of the ORTO-15 questionnaire by omitting three items. The CFA supported the ORTO-12-FR (composed of 12 items and addressing three domains: rational, emotional, and behavioral) as the better-fitting model, with an internal consistency of 0.73. The Comparative Fit Index value was 0.93, the Tucker–Lewis Index was 0.90, and the Root Mean-Square Error of Approximation was 0.05. Conclusions Our results provide evidence for the reliability of ORTO-12-FR with a French population. Level of evidence V, descriptive cross-sectional study. Keywords Orthorexia nervosa · Eating habits · Behavioral addiction · ORTO-15 · ORTO-12-FR
Introduction The conceptualization of orthorexia nervosa (ON) was delineated by Bratman [1, 2]. ON can be defined as a “behavioral complex” [3] that is experienced by individuals fixated on “pure” or “healthy” food, although there is no proper consensus regarding the definition [4]. However, the indicators of ON often involve pervasive preoccupations on health This article is part of topical collection on Orthorexia Nervosa. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-019-00835-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Camille Babeau [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology EA 7403, ICP Ecole de Psychologues Praticiens, 71 rue Molière, 69003 Lyon, France
2
EA4430 CLIPSYD, UFR SPSE, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
3
Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
along with food-related thoughts and particular dietary choices [5]. Although there is debate concerning its pathological nature as well as a lack of empirical data, individuals with ON often have a rigid stance towards food [6]. ON typically starts with a certain diet, which eventually transitions into problematic attitudes accompanied by social withdrawal and physiological consequences, such as a lack of micro and macronutrients [7–9]. After a certain period of time, individuals suffering from ON often begin to believe that they are doing well, feel relieved, and even
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