Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere

Earth is a complex system, which covers four main spheres given below and shown in Fig. 4.1:

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ndamentals of Meteorology

Fundamentals of Meteorology

Vlado Spiridonov • Mladjen Ćurić

Fundamentals of Meteorology

Vlado Spiridonov Meteorology and Geophysics University of Vienna Wien, Wien, Austria

Mladjen Ćurić Department of Meteorology University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia

ISBN 978-3-030-52654-2    ISBN 978-3-030-52655-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52655-9 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

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Preface

This book is dedicated to our planet’s atmosphere, our great challenge and inspiration. It is just an extended arm of our great fascination, “Meteorology.” The book opens the doors to the achievements made in this new millennium, making linkage between contemporary science, technology and society, and the pathways how meteorology contributes to the development of science. Fundamentals in Meteorology incorporates all significant eras, from ancient times to the present days. It explores important atmospheric phenomena and physical processes from a local to global scale and from seconds to years. In addition to the general topics, our novel book incorporates other important ones such as the atmospheric boundary layer, atmospheric waves, atmospheric chemistry, optics, and electricity. As the weather keeps changing time to time and from place to place, sudden worsening of its conditions can change our mood, especially when it is unfavorable,

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unstable, and severe. But when the sun and the blue sky reappear, the rays of happiness return our confidence, which is a sufficient reward for this modest work. Finally, we invite you to join us on a journey through the atmospheric space and bear witne