Structure of Cu/Ni Nanowires Obtained by Matrix Synthesis
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MATERIALS AND CERAMICS
Structure of Cu/Ni Nanowires Obtained by Matrix Synthesis O. M. Zhigalinaa,b,*, I. M. Doludenkoa,c, D. N. Khmelenina, D. L. Zagorskiya,d, S. A. Bedina,e, and I. M. Ivanovb a Shubnikov
Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics,” Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333 Russia b Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, 105005 Russia c National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 107450 Russia d Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Moscow, 119991 Russia e Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, 119991 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received December 25, 2017
Abstract—The structure of layered Cu/Ni nanowires obtained by template synthesis in 100-nm channels of track membranes has been investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The phase composition and main structural features of individual nanowires are determined. It is shown that nanowires consist of alternating Ni (Fm3m) and Cu (Fm3m) layers with grains up to 100 nm in size. It is found that nanowires contain also copper oxide crystallites up to 20 nm in size. The elemental composition of individual layers and their mutual arrangement are determined. DOI: 10.1134/S1063774518030379
INTRODUCTION Fabrication, analysis, and application of nanostructures of different types is one of the main lines of research in science and technology in the last decade [1]. Materials of particular interest include onedimensional (1D) structures: nanowires, which are used as arrays linked by a common template or base. Ordered arrays of oriented nanowires are obtained by template synthesis [2]. Examples of templates are polymer track membranes, and metals introduced into pores by galvanic deposition method play the role of “filler” [3]. An advantage of this approach is that the nanowire fabrication includes several stages (formation a polymer template, electrodeposition of metals), and the parameters of nanostructures can be varied in each stage [3–5]. The interest in the synthesis of metal nanowires, especially nanowires from magnetic materials, which have been actively developed for the last 20 years [4], is due to the fact that their properties may significantly differ from those of bulk analogs. Several lines of research can be selected in the fabrication of new magnetic nanomaterials. These materials are used in devices with high-density magnetic recording media, based on nanowires made of hard magnetic metals or alloys; screens against electromagnetic radiation, with application of soft magnetic metals and alloys [5]; and sensors with layered nanowires, whose operation is based on the giant magnetoresistance effect [6, 7].
Alternating layers of different materials were obtained as long ago as in the beginning of the XX century [8]. These works began with electrochemical deposition of copper and nickel layers onto a flat surface; however, electrodeposition was later used to form alternating layers of different metals in narrow por
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