Studies on Manufacturing, Mechanical Properties and Structure of Poly(butylene adipate- co -terephthalate)-based Green C
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Studies on Manufacturing, Mechanical Properties and Structure of Poly(butylene adipate‑co‑terephthalate)‑based Green Composites Modified by Coconut Fibers Rafał Malinowski1 · Katarzyna Krasowska2 · Wanda Sikorska3 · Krzysztof Moraczewski4 · Daniel Kaczor1 · Daria Kosmalska1 · Bogusław Królikowski1 Received: 14 January 2019 / Revised: 8 August 2019 / Accepted: 10 November 2019 © Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2020
Abstract Proper design and manufacturing of biodegradable composites containing natural fibers is highly demanded to improve its functional properties and reduce effects of the mechanical-thermal degradation at the same time. Therefore investigation of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) modified with coconut fiber (CF) was performed to analyze changes in selected properties of the modified polymer, occurring upon various amounts of CF and different conditions of processing of blends composed of PBAT and CF. Changes in basic parameters of the extrusion process occurring upon two different plasticizing systems, as well as in mass flow rate, mechanical properties, and structure of PBAT/CF composites were examined. It was found that the design of a plasticizing system essentially influenced energy consumption and stability of the processing procedure as well as properties of manufactured materials. Increase in the weight fraction of CF introduced into the polymer matrix caused increase in rigidity and hardness of the composite and reduction in its strength and ability to deform. No effect of the processing conditions on adhesion at the phase boundary was found. All the prepared composites showed strong adhesion between components. Moreover, based on MFR results it was found occurrence of the mechanicalthermal degradation of both phases, especially the dispersed phase. Keywords Coconut fibers · Extrusion · Green composites · Mechanical properties · Morphological structure · Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)
1 Introduction Polymeric composites are more and more commonly used and applications of them are wide. This results from, e.g., great possibilities for adaptation of the composites’ properties to market demands, which at the same time causes * Rafał Malinowski [email protected] 1
Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, M.Sklodowska‑Curie 55, 87100 Toruń, Poland
2
Department of Industrial Commodity Science and Chemistry, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81‑87, 81225 Gdynia, Poland
3
Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M.Curie‑Sklodowska 34, 41819 Zabrze, Poland
4
Institute of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
significant quantitative and qualitative increase in manufacture of these materials. As to the natural environment protection, this increase is not beneficial, and high complexity of the composite materials, associated with their composition and struc
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