Synthesis of Bio-Nanomagnetite Using Poly(butylene adipate) and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)
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Synthesis of Bio‑Nanomagnetite Using Poly(butylene adipate) and Poly(butylene adipate‑co‑terephthalate) F. Hosseini1 · Z. Es’haghi1 Received: 10 March 2020 / Accepted: 9 May 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nano-scale magnetite presents fascinating opportunities in various fields. For example, they are used for removing pollution from water bodies as they can bind electrochemically to suspended particles so that they are settled as sludge. Applying biodegradability property to these nanomagnetites improves their usage. In this study, bio-nanomagnetite is synthesized using co-precipitation reaction in which nanoparticles are used as a base for mounting two biodegradable polymers, i.e. poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13CNMR) spectra of synthesized polymers are presented. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of nano-particles is also presented. Biodegradation tests of bio-polymers including degradation under UV (ultraviolet) rays and in phosphate buffer show they can be degraded in biological conditions. Curves showing the progression of degradation are also presented. Relative size of the particles based on Debye–Scherrer relation is also obtained through X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) test and it is 9.12 nm. Keywords Biodegradable polymers · PBA · PBAT · Nanomagnetite · Bio-nanomagnetite
1 Introduction Natural organisms, known as magnetotactic bacteria, have used nano-scale (30–100 nm) magnetic particles since ancient times in order to orient and migrate along geomagnetic fields towards favorable habitats [1]. Magnetic particles utilized by Chinese sailors and magnetotactic organisms are chemically composed of Fe3O4 or magnetite; "magnetite" derives from the district of Magnesia in Asia Minor where large deposits of magnetite were discovered [2]. Magnetite (Fe3 O4) has received the most attention among iron oxide nanostructures for its excellent magnetic and electronic properties [3]. Today, nanomagnetite is synthesized using different methods such as reverse micelle, copolymer gels, co-precipitation, solvothermal reduction and ion exchange resin. The reverse micelle method uses a water-inoil emulsion generating reverse micelles which are in fact nanoreactors for various physic-chemical processes [1]. Many procedures for synthesizing magnetite nanoparticles
* F. Hosseini [email protected] 1
using copolymer templates are documented [4–6]. In this methods, copolymer templates are utilized which are usually ion exchange resins. The chemical reactions in co-precipitation method consist of alkinization of ferric and ferrous species. Solvothermal method includes reduction of ferric species with steric stabilizing surfactants within alcohol by a strong reducing agent [7, 8]. Thermal decomposition is related to reducing ferrate species (Fe5+) in the presence of stabilizing surfactant molecules within ether solu
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