Studies on Men's Health and Fertility
Studies on Men’s Health and Fertility provides a comprehensive series of up-to-the-minute reviews addressing the role of oxidative stress in the aetiology of reproductive pathologies in the male. This volume represents by far the most detailed, authoritat
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Series Editor Donald Armstrong
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8145
Ashok Agarwal Juan G. Alvarez
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R. John Aitken
Editors
Studies on Men’s Health and Fertility
Editors Ashok Agarwal, PhD Center for Reproductive Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Cleveland, OH, USA
R. John Aitken, PhD, ScD Department of Biological Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan, NSW, Australia
Juan G. Alvarez, MD, PhD Department of Male Infertility Centro Androgen, La Coruña La Coruña, Spain
ISBN 978-1-61779-775-0 e-ISBN 978-1-61779-776-7 DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-776-7 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012933783 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
We dedicate this book to the late Professor Thaddeus Mann FRS, University of Cambridge, and Professor Bayard Storey, Emeritus Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, who pioneered our understanding of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in the control of mammalian sperm function.
Foreword
Oxidative stress is a universal phenomenon of aerobic life, you cannot escape it, nor should you wish to [1].
In the early days of research in the field, oxygen radicals and other “reactive oxygen/ nitrogen species” (RONS) were universally thought of as deleterious molecules that must be eliminated at all costs by high levels of endogenous or exogenous antioxidants. Indeed, at high levels they are deleterious, e.g. to spermatozoa, other parts of the reproductive system and indeed to all cells and tissues. Sperm must be protected by their own antioxidants and by those in the bodily secretions surrounding them. Yet we now realise that RONS play key physiological roles, helping us to adapt to stress, defending us against infection and regulating physiological/pathological processes such as signal transduction and the intensity of inflammation [2–5]. The reproductive system is a beautiful example of all these principles. RONS at the correct level help to modulate uterine function, ovulation, the progress (or failure) of pregnancy and the behaviour of sperm, e.g. in response to inflammation in the surrounding tissues or even to electro
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