Studies on the development and characterization of bioplastic film from the red seaweed ( Kappaphycus alvarezii )
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RECENT TRENDS IN BIOPLASTICS
Studies on the development and characterization of bioplastic film from the red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Muthiyal Prabakaran Sudhakar 1 & Dhassiah Magesh Peter 1 & Gopal Dharani 1 Received: 23 February 2020 / Accepted: 3 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Seaweeds rich in polysaccharides are considered commercially important because of their wide range of industrial applications. In this study, the red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii was used for bioplastic film production. Plasticizer polyethylene glycol (PEG) to seaweed biomass ratio was optimized and a thin bioplastic film with higher tensile strength was produced. The films obtained were characterized by its thickness, tensile strength, colour (L, a, b), elongation at break (EAB), water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) and oxygen transmission rate (OTR). TG-DSC, AFM, SEM and FTIR spectroscopy analysis were performed to assess the composition, phase transitions and chemical reaction capabilities of the film. The bioplastic film obtained from 4% K. alvarezii (whole seaweed) showed better physical and mechanical properties, whereas TG-DSC, FTIR and AFM showed similar kind of bioplastic properties in all the concentrations. Decrease in OTR was observed against decreasing wall thickness of the film. The present study suggests that the seaweed would be a potential alternate source for bioplastic production which may reduce the usage of non-degradable plastics. Keywords Seaweeds . Polymers . Polyethylene glycol 3000 . Bioplastic film
Abbreviations KBPF Kappa bioplastic film KS Kappaphycus seaweed EAB Elongation at break WVTR Water vapour transmission rate OTR Oxygen transmission rate TG-DSC Thermo gravimetric differential scanning colorimeter FTIR Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy AFM Atomic force microscopy SEM Scanning electron microscope Responsible editor: Santiago V. Luis Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10010-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Muthiyal Prabakaran Sudhakar [email protected]; [email protected] * Gopal Dharani [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, Marine Biotechnology, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, (Govt. of India), Pallikaranai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600100, India
Introduction Plastic industry is one of the major revenue-generating industries which contributes considerably to the country’s economy because of its vast usage. Plastics are synthesized from crude oil byproducts (Ross et al. 2017). The non-biodegradable nature of the synthetic plastics enables them to persist in the natural environment, and are regarded as the prime pollutants of the environment (Roy et al. 2011; Chidambarampadmavathy et al. 2017; Zhang et al. 2019). Synthetic plastics create environmental problems due to its interaction with water and forms hazardous chemicals which ultimately leache
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