Study of bagasse and cassava rhizome effects on the physical, mechanical and structural properties of soda-lime borate g
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Study of bagasse and cassava rhizome effects on the physical, mechanical and structural properties of soda‑lime borate glasses P. Sopapan1 · R. Laopaiboon1 · J. Laopaiboon1 · P. Gunhakoon1 · T. Thongklom2 · O. Jaiboon1 Received: 14 February 2020 / Accepted: 7 April 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The glass prepared from sustainable raw materials yields interesting properties, besides the low cost and environmentally friendly. Two series of glass compositions based on B2O3–P2O5–Na2O–CaO added with bagasse (BG) and cassava rhizome (CR) were fabricated by melt-quenching technique, and their physical, mechanical and structural properties were studied. The physical properties such as density and molar volume were calculated and discussed. The elastic moduli, Poisson’s ratio, Debye temperature, acoustical impedance and microhardness have been estimated based on pressure-controlled ultrasonic technique at 4 MHz frequency with normal and angle probes. It was found that the addition of bagasse and cassava rhizome leads to an increase of elastic constants, Debye temperature and microhardness of the prepared glass. Vickers hardness tester was also applied to determine microhardness of the glass using an applied load of 0.98 N. The values of microhardness obtained from both techniques were compared and a good correlation was observed. Moreover, the internal structural units of the glass samples have been estimated by FTIR. XRD spectroscopy was applied to confirm the amorphous nature in the glasses. Keywords Bagasse · Cassava rhizome · Glass · Pressure-controlled ultrasonic technique · Elastic constants · FTIR spectroscopy
1 Introduction Biomass developed from agricultural production wastes and energy crops is discovered abundantly in nature, especially tropical countries like Thailand [1, 2]. Bagasse and cassava rhizome ashes are the biomass sources derived from valuable by-products in sugar extraction and waste of cassava fructification, respectively. However, incineration of bagasse and cassava rhizome as an energy source causes serious disposal problems, especially air pollution (PM2.5 and P M10) [3, 4]. There are several studies of using bagasse and cassava rhizome ashes in many alternative applications such as production of glasses, ceramics, biocomposites, biomaterials, cements and concretes, etc. [5–8]. Converting these ashes into a glass system is one
of alternative ways that may provide enormous benefits, because research in various capacities are being carried out on the applicability of glasses in various areas of glass applications such as biomaterials, radiation shields, optical devices, semiconductor microelectronics, etc. [9–11]. Bagasse and cassava rhizome ashes not only contain SiO2 and CaO that can be the main composition, but also contain some elements acting as a modifier oxide in glass network such as Al, Mg, Sr, Ti, etc. (see in Table 1). Therefore, the replacement of pure raw materials by these agricultural wastes for fabrication of a glass system can be an interesting way i
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