Radiation, Crystallization, and Physical Properties of Cadmium Borate Glasses
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Radiation, Crystallization, and Physical Properties of Cadmium Borate Glasses A.F. Abd El-Rehim 1,2 & H.Y. Zahran 1,2 & I.S. Yahia 1,2 & Sayed A. Makhlouf 3 & Kh. S. Shaaban 4 Received: 27 September 2020 / Accepted: 20 October 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The melt-quenching method has been used to fabricate Na2B4O7 - CdO glass system. The XRD diffractometer procedure was used to check the status of these samples. Inter-ionic distance (Ri) between Cd–Cd, Polaron radius rp, and inter-nuclear distance ri reduced with Cd content due to reducing molar volume. Ionicity Ib decreased and covalent glass character increased as CdO in the glass matrix increases. As the CdO contents increase, the values of Tg, Tc, and TP have been increased. All expected phases are displayed in the XRD patterns. SEM has studied the morphology of the vitreous ceramic. It has been noted that the velocities and elastic modulus of glass-ceramics samples are increased. The structural nature of the developed phase was monitored in spectroscopic FT-IR investigations of the glass-ceramic samples. Mass attenuation Coefficient (μ/ρ) increases with CdO-content increase. The Zeff values increase gradually at higher energy because of Xray K-edges. Hence, the increase in CdO content can be developed the γ -radiation. According to our data, G7 is the best sample for shielding properties. Keywords SEM . Mechanical . Glass-ceramics . Radiation
1 Introduction Glass is a highly transparent, amorphous material and it is melting of an inorganic component without crystallization. High-performance borate glasses for various applications are used. These samples offer improved electrical conduction, glass formation, and temperature adjustment as compared to their binary system, which is the most suitable for solid-state batteries, low melting, and nonlinear optics [1–8]. Due to its easy performance, its higher density and gammaray attenuation coefficients are several applicable cadmium * Kh. S. Shaaban [email protected] 1
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
2
Physics Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 5101, Heliopolis 11771, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt
3
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, P.O. 71452, Assiut, Egypt
4
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. 71452, Assiut, Egypt
borate glasses. CdO is a heavy metal oxide (HMO), high density, and lower atomic radii [9–12]. Glasses of heavy metal oxide (HMO), includes about 50 mol of a heavy metal cation percent, (HMO) like CdO, MoO3, Fe2O3, Bi2O3, Ga2O3, BaO, and PbO. These glasses have photon energy smaller than other glasses, and a higher refractive index. Therefore, the HMO glasses are transparent, promising materials for optoelectronics, fibers, sensors, optical instruments, good thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability, also offer superior optical and electrical properties [13, 14]. The recent development of cadmium borate glasses is
