Study of Reaction Between Slag and Carbonaceous Materials
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IN electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking, slag foaming plays a key role in reducing the consumption and, therefore, the cost of energy, by improving the efficiency and stability of the furnace and by decreasing sound, vibration, and electrode consumption during the process of melting.[1] Foamy slag in EAF steelmaking is formed by injecting carbon from different sources. In recent years, the utilization of waste tyre rubbers (WTR) in EAF steelmaking and its effect on slag foaming behavior have been widely investigated.[2–8] Using Polymer Injection Technology (PIT), a meaningful proportion of metallurgical coke can be substituted by granulated end-of-life waste rubber, as a carbon injectant.[9] In previous work,[4,6] it has been shown that a
SAMANE MAROUFI, MOHANNAD MAYYAS, IRSHAD MANSURI, and VEENA SAHAJWALLA are with the Centre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology (SMaRT), School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. Contact e-mail: s.maroufi@unsw.edu.au PAUL O’KANE, CATHERINE SKIDMORE, and ZHESHI JIN are with OneSteel, Rooty Hill, Sydney, NSW, 2766, Australia. ANDREA FONTANA is with OneSteel, Laverton, Melbourne, VIC, 3026, Australia. Manuscript submitted March 7, 2017.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
precisely calibrated mix of granulated waste rubber and coke improves the foaminess of slag. In the slag foaming phenomenon, the molten slag expands due to the evolution of CO/CO2 gas bubbles from the chemical reactions which take place at the slag–carbon interface. The slag/carbon interaction is a dynamic process, in respect to the chemical reactions that occur, as the composition of the slag is continually changing. The mechanism of the reactions between the solid carbon and iron oxide present in the slag occur via intermediate gases. CO gas produced in the initial stages of reactions between the carbon source and the slag is transported through the gas phase and reacts with the iron oxide in the slag to produce CO2 and metallic iron. This CO2 is then ferried back to carbon, and gasification of CO2 to CO takes place via the Boudouard reaction. The kinetics of the reactions between iron oxide in the slag and the carbon source play an important role in the steelmaking process. Numerous studies have been carried out on the reduction of iron oxide in molten slag and the effect of the carbon injection on the rate of reduction.[10–13] In a work published by Ozawa et al.,[10] the effect of the injection of solid carbon on the reduction rate of FeO in slag in EAF steelmaking was discussed in relation to the quality and size of the carbon powder injected, the injection rate, and nature of the molten slag. They found that the type and quality of the solid
carbon injected and, in particular, the presence of volatile matter in the solid carbon affect reduction. According to their work, three major factors (the quality of the solid carbon, the boundary area of reaction wherein solid carbon reacts with FeO, and the nature of the slag) control th
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