Study on the application mechanism and mechanics of steel slag in composite cementitious materials
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Study on the application mechanism and mechanics of steel slag in composite cementitious materials Zhimin Chen1 · Kun Tu1 · Rui Li1 · Jiaxiang Liu1 Received: 11 July 2020 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Enormous demand and production for cement and concrete lead to a sharp increase in carbon dioxide emissions, and alternatives to cement are urgently needed to produce green cement and concrete. This paper is aimed at exploring the feasibility of using steel slag (SS) and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) to prepare cementitious materials. Mineral phases of SS are determined and observed by X-ray diffraction and backscattered electron microscopy. By measuring the compressive strength of mortar samples, the composite effect of SS-GBFS is analyzed and compared. Results show that SS can replace cement by 10%–30%, and the long-term strength of the prepared binary cementitious material is higher than that of cement. SS and GBFS can replace up to 50% of the cement. The strength of SS-GBFA-C ternary cementitious material is higher than that of SS-C, SS and GBFS promote mutually in cementitious materials. Keywords Steel slag · Granulated blast furnace slag · Compressive strength · Supplementary cementitious material
1 Introduction Portland cement production is an energy-intensive consumption process, and the cement industry accounts for 5%–8% of global carbon dioxide emissions annually [1–4]. The rapid development of China’s construction, road and bridge construction industry leads to a great demand for concrete and cement. China’s cement yield has been ranked first in the world for exceeding 20 years [5]; engineers and scientists have been searching for secondary raw materials that could substitute cement and advance the properties of cement. On the one hand, to reduce depletion of raw materials for cement production is of major importance for the prospect of developing sustainable construction materials and conserving natural resources. On the other hand, reducing the consumptions of heat and electricity to obtain these materials could indirectly curtail carbon dioxide emissions [6].
In recent years, cement and concrete composites have developed rapidly; cement mixtures containing different kinds of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) effectually reduce the dosage of cement powder. As stated by [7–10], SCMs can be categorized into industrial wastes, such as fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated blast furnace slag, agriculture wastes and aquaculture wastes. The application of SCMs in practical building materials shrinks the use of cement and reduces the emission of carbon dioxide. Steel slag (SS) and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) are by-products of the production process of iron and steel industry, accounting for 30% of the total industrial byproducts in China [11]. The chemical and mineral compositions of SS and GBFS are approximating to cement, and researches indicated that SS and GBFS could be used as aggregates, SCMs and binder in the cement and concrete
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