Study of some testing condition-based factors affecting the Cerchar abrasivity index (CAI)
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Study of some testing condition-based factors affecting the Cerchar abrasivity index (CAI) Guangzhe Zhang 1
&
Heinz Konietzky 2 & Zhengyang Song 3
&
Shan Huang 2
Received: 22 January 2020 / Accepted: 13 November 2020 / Published online: 24 November 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract Since the development of the Cerchar abrasivity test, various factors affecting the Cerchar abrasivity index (CAI) have been investigated by many researchers. However, some dominant factors, such as surface condition, testing distance, and velocity, are still under discussion due to their sensitivity to the test results. For this purpose, a newly designed Cerchar test device is proposed and applied, by which the testing distance is controlled and the testing velocity can be pre-set and kept constant. Using this device, the effect of some testing condition-based factors on the CAI is studied based on four types of rocks (granite, sandstone, slate, and gneiss). In addition, since not much attention was paid to the effect of rock anisotropy on the CAI, this factor is investigated based on two intact foliated metamorphic rocks, slate, and gneiss. Keywords Anisotropy . Cerchar test . Rock abrasivity . Scratching velocity . Surface condition
Introduction The Cerchar abrasivity test was originally designed by the Centre d’Etudes et Recherches des Charbonnages (Cerchar) de France for the French coal mining industry (Cerchar 1986). The obtained Cerchar abrasivity index (CAI) is mainly used to assess rock abrasivity (Alber 2008; Hamzaban et al. 2014, 2018; Capik and Yilmaz 2017; Ozdogan et al. 2018; Mosleh et al. 2019) and later also used to estimate the tool wear (Yaralı et al. 2008, 2013; Deliormanlı 2012; Rajpurohit et al. 2018). A detailed description of this test is presented by Cerchar (1986), published in standards of NF P94-430-1 Roches (2000) and ASTM D7625-10 (2010), and issued as an ISRMsuggested method by Alber et al. (2015).
Responsible Editor: Zeynal Abiddin Erguler * Zhengyang Song [email protected] 1
Institute of Foundation Engineering, China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China
2
Geotechnical Institute, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
3
Department of Civil Engineering, School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Figure 1 illustrates the two commonly used test apparatuses: the original Cerchar apparatus developed at the Cerchar center (Cerchar 1986) and the West apparatus proposed by West (1989). For these two apparatuses, the testing procedures are quite different: in the Cerchar apparatus, the stylus slides on a fixed rock sample for 1 s, while in the West apparatus, the rock sample moves under the fixed stylus for 10 s. With the development of the Cerchar abrasivity test, the effects of various factors on the CAI have been investigated by many researchers. These factors can be categorized into testing condition based and rock intrinsic property based (Ji et al. 2020; Teymen 2020; Zhang
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