Study of TiO 2 anatase nano and microstructures with dominant {001} facets for NO oxidation
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PHOTOCATALYSIS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS IN JEP 2011, BORDEAUX
Study of TiO2 anatase nano and microstructures with dominant {001} facets for NO oxidation Maria-Veronica Sofianou & Christos Trapalis & Vassils Psycharis & Nikos Boukos & Tiverios Vaimakis & Jiaguo Yu & Wenguang Wang
Received: 15 October 2011 / Accepted: 6 January 2012 # Springer-Verlag 2012
Abstract Introduction TiO2 anatase nanoplates and hollow microspheres were fabricated by a solvothermal–hydrothermal method using titanium isopropoxide as a titanium precursor and hydrofluoric acid as a capping agent in order to enhance the formation of the {001} crystal facets of the anatase nanocrystals. Methods These different morphological structures of TiO2 anatase can be achieved by only changing the solvent, keeping the amount of the precursor and of the capping agent identical during the solvothermal–hydrothermal process. Results and discussion After calcination of the samples, the adsorbed fluoride atoms on the {001} crystal facets of the TiO2 anatase nanocrystals were completely removed from their surface according to XPS analysis. The calcined TiO2 anatase structures were higher crystallized and the specific surface area of the catalysts increased, enhancing their photocatalytic activity in comparison to the non-calcined TiO2 anatase structures. All TiO2 anatase samples with adsorbed as well as non-adsorbed fluoride atoms on their {001}
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues M.-V. Sofianou : C. Trapalis (*) : V. Psycharis : N. Boukos Institute of Materials Science, NCSR Demokritos, 153 10, Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Attikis, Greece e-mail: [email protected] C. Trapalis e-mail: [email protected] T. Vaimakis Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece J. Yu : W. Wang Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
crystal facets, exhibited a higher photonic efficiency than Degussa P25, which was used as a reference. Conclusion The fluoride free TiO2 anatase nanoplates exhibited the best photocatalytic activity in oxidizing the NO gas to NO2 and NO3−. Keywords TiO2 nanoplates . TiO2 hollow microspheres . {001} facets . Photocatalysis . NO oxidation
1 Introduction Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a semiconductor that has been widely studied over the years due to its enhanced properties used in environmental and energy applications (Fujishima and Honda 1972; Hoffmann et al. 1995; Yu et al. 2010a, b). Nowadays, environmental issues such as the air pollution have caused great scientific interest due to its massive side effects to the environment as to humans. Especially, the NOx air compounds are in the category of the very toxic and prominent air pollutants that plague highly populated cities causing massive health problems to the civilians such as respiratory infections, heart disease, and lung cancer but also to the environment itself for example the greenhouse effect which destroys the ecosystem as well as the cultural monuments of these cities (Sunyer 2001; Goss et al. 2004). The anatase phase of TiO2 has in mo
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