Study of transcranial photobiomodulation at 945-nm wavelength: anxiety and depression
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Study of transcranial photobiomodulation at 945-nm wavelength: anxiety and depression Flávio Klinpovous Kerppers 1 & Kesia Maria Mangoni Gonçalves dos Santos 1 & Maria Elvira Ribeiro Cordeiro 1 & Mário César da Silva Pereira 2 & Danilo Barbosa 2 & André Alexandre Pezzini 3 & Luiza Ferreira Cunha 1 & Maiara Fonseca 4 & Ketlin Bragnholo 4 & Afonso Shiguemi Inoue Salgado 5 & Ivo Ilvan Kerppers 2 Received: 25 September 2018 / Accepted: 14 February 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Transcranial photobiomodulation is an innovative method for the stimulation of neural activity which consists of the exposure of neural tissue to low-level light irradiance. In the present study, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used as light source due to their practicality and low cost. The objective was to analyze the effects of transcranial photobiomodulation using 945-nm LED in university students with anxiety and depression. Sample was composed of 22 individuals (17–25 years of age) divided into 2 groups of 11. LED group was treated with 945-nm LEDs for 1 min and 25 s (9.35 J/cm2), while in the placebo group, the device was off when placed in contact with the frontal bone for the same amount of time as in treatment group. Participants were evaluated at baseline and after 30 days with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), the faces test, the designs test, and the grip strength test. On the HADS for anxiety, the mean PAB, PAA, PhAB, and PhAA were 13.89 ± 3.55, 12.82 ± 3.18, 10.75 ± 2.49, and 6.66 ± 2.50 points, respectively. In the HADS for depression, the mean for the PDB group was 13.89 ± 3.55 points, in the PhDB group 12.82 ± 3.18 points, in the PDA group 10.75 ± 2.49 points, and in the PhDA group 6.66 ± 2.50 points. In the PA and PD groups, mean values of 8.0 ± 1.5 and 8.9 ± 1.26 scores were obtained, but did not reach significance; however, between PA and PhD analysis, a significance level of p = 0.0003 was obtained. The 945-nm LED transcranial photobiomodulation improves brain activity and may clinically decrease anxiety and depression. Keywords Anxiety . Depression . Photobiomodulation . Light-emitting diodes
* Ivo Ilvan Kerppers [email protected]
Luiza Ferreira Cunha [email protected]
Flávio Klinpovous Kerppers [email protected]
Maiara Fonseca [email protected]
Kesia Maria Mangoni Gonçalves dos Santos [email protected]
Ketlin Bragnholo [email protected]
Maria Elvira Ribeiro Cordeiro [email protected]
Afonso Shiguemi Inoue Salgado [email protected]
Mário César da Silva Pereira [email protected] Danilo Barbosa [email protected] André Alexandre Pezzini [email protected]
1
Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
2
Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
3
Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
4
Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
5
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