Study on the Diversity and Function of Gut Microbiota in Pigs Following Long-Term Antibiotic and Antibiotic-Free Breedin
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Study on the Diversity and Function of Gut Microbiota in Pigs Following Long‑Term Antibiotic and Antibiotic‑Free Breeding Yao Li1,2 · Yuhua Zhu2,4 · Hong Wei2,4 · Yaosheng Chen1 · Haitao Shang2,3 Received: 22 February 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In-feed antibiotics can influence intestinal microbial structures in born and early-life within a period. However, the impact of antibiotics on gut microbiota during long-term antibiotic-free and antibiotic breeding at porcine-fattening phase have not been studied extensively so far. Here, we conducted a systematic 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based study combined with metagenomic analysis to reveal the variation of diversity and function of gut microbiota between antibiotic-free (treatment group, TG) and antibiotic (a mixture of flavomycin and enramycin, control group, CG) breeding at various stages of fattening pigs. In the present study, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria phyla were the core microbiomes in fattening pig gut microbiota. The ratio between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes significantly increased with age (P = 0.03). TG showed significantly higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Fibrobacteres phyla than CG. The microbial community can be divided into several notably clustered blocks based on cooperative and competitive correlations. These blocks centered on numerous special genera, which play essential roles in body development and disease prevention. TG showed obviously higher proportions of metabolic pathways related to metabolism, endocrine system, nervous system and excretory system, but pathways included carbohydrate metabolism and immune system diseases in CG. Collectively, this study has comprehensively demonstrated microbial diversities, differences and correlations among gut microbiota, microbial metabolism and gene functions during long-term antibiotic-free breeding. This work provides a novel resource and information with positive implications for pig husbandry production and disease prevention.
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02240-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Haitao Shang [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
2
Shenzhen Kingsino Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China
3
Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
4
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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