Suicide as a Response to Trauma

For individuals without pre-existing medical or psychiatric issues, trauma is highly correlated to depressive and/or anxious symptoms, withdrawal, and most notably suicidal ideations or attempts. For those with existing medical conditions such as mood or

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Handbook of Suicidal Behaviour

Handbook of Suicidal Behaviour

Updesh Kumar Editor

Handbook of Suicidal Behaviour

123

Editor Updesh Kumar Defence Institute of Psychological Research Defence Research and Development Organization Delhi India

ISBN 978-981-10-4815-9 DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-4816-6

ISBN 978-981-10-4816-6

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017938631 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore

To my wife, Anju, son, Kushal, and daughter, Dakshi, the bastion of support and understanding in my journey…

Foreword

Suicide is among the most tragic events in human life, causing a great deal of serious psychological distress among the relatives and friends of the victims as well as great economic burden for the whole society. The fact that around 800,000 people die by suicide throughout the world annually clearly shows the magnitude of this problem. Most suicides worldwide occur due to less developed or scarcely available health and social services, especially in low- and middle-income countries. While the national suicide rates of most European countries and China decreased markedly during the last few decades and especially sharply since the 1980s after the widespread availability of antidepressants, there has been no significant change in India, and in the USA, with the overall suicide rate increasing substantially, by 24% between 1999 and 2014. Suicidal behaviour is a highly complex, multi-causal phenomenon, involving several psychiatric, biomedical, psychosocial, demographic and cultural components. The history of, mostly untreated, major psychiatri