Tourism Economic Stimulus Packages as a Response to COVID-19
Economic stimulus packages in times of global crises and pandemics are nothing new. Following the 2008 global financial meltdown, many countries announced fiscal interventions to stimulate their economies. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, global tourism has
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ounting the Cost of COVID-19 on the Global Tourism Industry
Counting the Cost of COVID-19 on the Global Tourism Industry
Godwell Nhamo • Kaitano Dube David Chikodzi
Counting the Cost of COVID-19 on the Global Tourism Industry
Godwell Nhamo Institute for Corporate Citizenship University of South Africa Pretoria, South Africa
Kaitano Dube Department of Ecotourism Management Vaal University of Technology Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
David Chikodzi Institute for Corporate Citizenship University of South Africa Pretoria, South Africa
ISBN 978-3-030-56230-4 ISBN 978-3-030-56231-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56231-1 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Peer Review Process
This book is blind peer-reviewed. Apart from being the international norm, this double-blind peer-review process is mandatory for South Africa–based authors in order to fulfil the requirements of the Department of Higher Education and Training’s (DHET) policy for recognised research outputs for subsidy purposes. The authors invested their time to incorporate observations from the blind peer-review process, an aspect that enhanced the quality of the product.
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Preface
Tourism is one of the leading economic sectors in both developed and developing countries across the world. The industry accounts for a significant share of the global gross domestic product (GDP) and accounts for close to 10% of the world’s employment. As the COVID-19 pandemic emerged, the hopes of continued growth and returns from the tourism and hospitality sector were dashed. With negat
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