Sulcus and otolith outline analyses: complementary tools for stock discrimination in white croaker Pennahia argentata in
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Sulcus and otolith outline analyses: complementary tools for stock discrimination in white croaker Pennahia argentata in northern Chinese coastal waters* SONG Junjie1, 3, DOU Shuozeng1, 2, 3, CAO Liang1, 2, LIU Jinhu1, 2, ** 1
Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
2
Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,
3
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Qingdao 266071, China
Received Jan. 13, 2020; accepted in principle Feb. 19, 2020; accepted for publication Mar. 11, 2020 © Chinese Society for Oceanology and Limnology, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study analyzed and compared variations of the sulcus and otolith outlines of three geographic stocks (Huanghe (Yellow) River estuary (HHE), Jiaozhou Bay (JZB), and Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary (CJE)) of white croaker Pennahia argentata in northern Chinese coastal waters. The sulcus and otolith outline analyses via elliptical Fourier transform (EFT, i.e. outline analysis) achieved an overall classification rate of 80.4% and 87.2%, respectively. Based on a combination of sulcus and otolith shape indices (SIs) and two derivative ratios, a moderate discriminatory efficiency of 64.7% was obtained. The results indicate that sulcus outline analysis could be used alone to discriminate white croaker stocks, and that both sulcus and otolith outline analyses discriminated the fish stocks at a higher classification rate than the shape indices. The sulcus outline analysis provided complementary information to the whole otolith outline analysis for stock discrimination. Both the sulcus and otolith outline analyses efficiently discriminated between the most geographically separated CJE and HHE stocks, indicating that they could be considered discrete stocks for fishery management. Keyword: sulcus; otolith; elliptic Fourier coefficients; shape indices; stock discrimination
1 INTRODUCTION Otoliths are calcified structures in the inner ears of teleost fish that are metabolically inert and grow throughout the lifetime of the fish (Campana and Neilson, 1985). Otoliths are of interest in fish population studies because they can provide different types of information (e.g. microstructure, microchemistry, and morphology) for investigating the life histories and population dynamics of fish (Popper et al., 2005). Otolith shape is intraspecific and interspecific due to environmental or genetic regulation (Campana and Casselman, 1993; Lombarte and Lleonart, 1993; Cardinale et al., 2004). Moreover, shape analysis is a relatively inexpensive and timeefficient method compared with other techniques such as genetic and microchemical methods. Therefore, otolith shape analysis has often been used for stock
discrimination (Castonguay et al., 1991; Burke et al., 2008; Agüera and Brophy, 2011; Avigliano et al., 2015) and speci
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