Sulfide capacity of high alumina blast furnace slags
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E concept of sulfide capacity was proposed by Fincham and Richardson,[1] and it was defined as follows: CS ¼ ðpct SÞ 3 ð
pO2 1=2 Þ p S2
[1]
In the last 50 years, there has been considerable research in the area of sulfide capacity of different slag systems. Several researchers[1–6] have worked on the sulfide capacity of blast furnace slags. In spite of this, the literature review indicates that there is a lack of data for sulfide capacity of the CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 slag system especially for high alumina slag with more than 15 pct alumina. Beside the experimental data reported on sulfide capacity, there are also some empirical models such as Young’s model,[6] Sommerville’s model,[7] and the KTH model,[8] which predict the sulfide capacity of blast furnace slags very well within the domain of their investigation. Therefore, in the present work, the sulfide capacity of the CaO-SiO2-MgOAl2O3 and CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-TiO2 system was experimentally determined in the temperature range of 1773 to 1873 K. II.
EXPERIMENTAL
A. Materials The materials used in the present work are listed in Table I. All the oxides were heated to 1273 K for 12 hours in a muffle furnace to remove any trace of moisture. Then, they were rapidly cooled and stored in desiccators. B. Experimental Procedure The experimental setup is shown in Figure 1. All the experiments were carried out in a horizontal tubular AMITABH SHANKAR, Researcher, is with Research and Development, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur 831 003, India. Contact e-mail: amitabh.shankar@ ¨ RTEN GO ¨ RNERUP, Researcher, and S. SEETHARAMAN, tatasteel.com MA Professor, are with the Department of Material Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm 100 44, Sweden. A.K. LAHIRI, Professor, is with the Department of Metallurgy, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India. Manuscript submitted January 11, 2006. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
resistance furnace where temperature can be maintained up to 1973 K. This furnace consists of an alumina tube having 1.2-m length and 0.058-m inner diameter. The even temperature zone was measured and it was found that, over a length of 0.2 m, the temperature variation was within 61 K. Two radiation shields made of alumina were also used to maintain the even temperature zone inside the furnace and they were placed 0.1 m away from the sample. The furnace was controlled through a PID controller, 902 series, supplied by Eurotherm (Leesburg, VA). Two different sets of Pt 30 pct Rh-Pt 6 pct Rh thermocouples were used. One thermocouple was fixed close to the furnace heating element, just outside the furnace tube, which was used to control the furnace temperature. The other thermocouple was fixed just above the sample to measure the sample temperature. A gas mixture consisting of Ar-CO-CO2-SO2 was used for equilibration with liquid slag. The furnace was heated to target temperature with argon gas flushing at a flow rate of 400 mL/min. Once target temperature was achieved, the gas atmosphere was changed to Ar-CO-CO2-SO2. Argon was introduced i
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