Summary and Conclusions

Regional syntheses have been carried out for four regions of the developing world: Southern Africa, South Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia. Understanding the Earth System requires that the two-way linkages between regions and the global system be well u

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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

Peter Tyson . Roland Fuchs · Congbin Fu . Louis Lebel . A .P. Mitra Eric Odada . John Perry . Will Steffen . Hassan Virji (Eds.)

Global-Regional Linkages in the Earth System

With 154 Figures and 43 Tables

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Editors

Peter Tyson Climatology Research Group University of the Witwatersrand PO Wits, Johannesburg, 2050 SOUTH AFRICA

Congbin Fu

Eric Odada

START TEA RC Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 2718 Qijia Huo Zi, De Wai Street, Chao Yang District Beijing 100029 CHINA

Department of Geology University of Nairobi Box 30197 Nairobi KENYA

Roland Fuchs International START Secretariat 2000 Florida Ave. NW Suite 200 Washington, DC 20009 USA

lohn Perry 6205 Tellyho Lane Alexandria, VA 22307 USA

Will Steifen

Department of Social Science Chiang Mai University THAILAND

IGBP Secretariat The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Box 50005 S-104 05 Stockholm SWEDEN

A.P. Mitra

Hassan Virji

National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi K. S. Krishnan Road New Delhi 110012 INDIA

International START Secretariat 200 Florida Ave. NW Suite 200 Washington, DC 20009 USA

Louis Lebel

Die Deutsche Biliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Global regionallinkages in the earth system: with 43 tables I Peter Tyson ... (ed.). - Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; Barcelona; Hong Kong ; London ; Milan; Paris; Tokyo : Springer, 2002 (Global change) ISBN 978-3-642-62693-7 ISBN 978-3-642-56228-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-56228-0

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.

(:) Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2002 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover Design: International START Secretariat and Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg Dataconversion: Büro Stasch, Bayreuth SPIN: 10847577

3130 - 5 4 3 21 0 - Printed on acid-free paper

Dedicated to Tom Malone, who inspired so many, and developing country scientists who strive against the odds.

Preface

Global environmental change occupies a central niche in the pantheon of modern sciences. There is an urgent need to know and understand the way in which global biogeochemical cycles have changed over