Summary
The purpose of this chapter is to recapitulate the main conclusions reached in Chapters 3, 4 and 5, concerning the three selected pertinent issues analysed herein in relation to the concept of individual criminal responsibility for core international crim
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Ciara Damgaard
Individual Criminal Responsibility for Core International Crimes Selected Pertinent Issues
Ciara Damgaard University of Copenhagen The Law Faculty Studiestrade 6 1455 Copenhagen K Denmark [email protected]
ISBN: 978-3-540-78780-8
e-ISBN: 978-3-540-78781-5
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008929903 © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper 5 4 3 2 1 0 springer.com
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements.............................................................................................. xiii Part I - General 1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………… 3 1.1 Opening Remarks and Objectives………………………………………... 3 1.2 Overview and Target Audience………………………………………….. 8 2 Germane Considerations…………………………………………………......11 2.1 Introductory Remarks…………………………………………………... 11 2.2 Meaning of ‘Individually Criminally Responsible’…………………….. 12 2.3 Objectives of Individual Criminal Responsibility for Core International Crimes…………………………………………………………………... 15 2.4 Sources of, and Judicial Precedent in, International Criminal Law…….. 27 2.4.1 Introductory Remarks.................................................................... 27 2.4.2 General Sources of International Criminal Law ........................... 29 2.4.2.1 Treaties….……..………….…………………………… 31 2.4.2.2 Custom .………………………………….……………. 32 2.4.2.3 General Principles of Law Recognised by Civilised Nations…….................................................................... 34 2.4.2.4 Judicial Decisions…...………………………………… 35 2.4.2.5 Teachings of the Most Highly Qualified Publicists…… 42 2.4.3 Sources of International Criminal Law Relevant to Adjudication Before the ICC and the Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals………………………………………………………… 43 2.4.3.1 ICC…………….……………………………………..... 44 2.4.3.2 Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals….………..… 47 2.4.3.3 Significance of the ICC, ICTY and ICTR Statutes other than as a Binding Source of Law…...…………… 47 2.4.4 Evaluation of other Potential Sources of International Criminal Law ................................................................................................ 48 2.4.4.1 Nuremberg Principles……………………………….… 48 2.4.4.2 Draft Code of C
