Sunlight Assisted improved photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B using Pd-loaded g-C 3 N 4 /WO 3 nanocomposite
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Sunlight Assisted improved photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B using Pd‑loaded g‑C3N4/WO3 nanocomposite Vidya Alman1,2 · Kirti Singh1 · Tejasvinee Bhat2 · Arif Sheikh2 · Suresh Gokhale1 Received: 9 October 2019 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Effective photocatalytic degradation of organic toxic dyes from industrial effluents using low-cost nanomaterials as a photocatalyst under sunlight promises for water purification and environmental recovery. The present work is focused on the synthesis of Palladium (Pd) loaded g-C3N4/WO3 nanocomposite using a facile method and its photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) using under sunlight. The results of the photocatalytic dye degradation experiment show that Pd loaded g-C3N4/WO3 nanocomposite photocatalyst degrades 98% of RhB in 40 min of sunlight illumination. This remarkable photocatalytic degradation performance of Pd loaded g-C3N4/WO3 nanocomposite mainly attributed due to their intrinsic photocatalytic activity and co-existence of enhanced light absorbance and efficient charge transfer process in between the g-C3N4/WO3 heterojunction. The durability testing experiments indicate that Pd loaded g-C3N4/WO3 nanocomposite photocatalyst could be effectively reused and possesses high photochemical structural stability even after several recycle process. Present experimental results demonstrated highly encouraging photo-degradation response of Pd loaded g-C3N4/ WO3 nanocomposite photocatalyst at outdoor conditions paves the way for the development of energy conversion and environmental remediation process. Keywords Photocatalysis · Nanocomposite · Rhodamine B · Photodegradation · Sunlight · Palladium loading
1 Introduction In the modern era, photocatalysis is a promising and attractive green technology to solve environmental problems and global energy crisis by converting solar energy into chemical energy for various applications such as organic pollutant degradation, hydrogen generation by water splitting, C O2 reduction, reduction of heavy metal ions and disinfection of bacteria, etc. [1–7]. To date, TiO2 is the most popular and widely used semiconductor photocatalyst due to its strong redox ability, high photocatalytic efficiency and excellent stability in the ultraviolet region [8, 9]. Since T iO2 has a wide bandgap of 3.2 eV which absorbs only UV light (4–6% * Arif Sheikh [email protected] * Suresh Gokhale [email protected] 1
Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
School of Nanoscience and Technology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
2
of solar energy), hence its application as a photocatalyst remain limited at the industrial level. Therefore, an alternative low bandgap semiconductor which can absorb efficient visible light (44% of the solar spectrum) needed for high photocatalytic activity with excellent photochemical stability equivalent to TiO2 [10, 11]. Recently, 2D graphitic carbon nitride (g-C
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