Superficial properties of activated carbon fiber catalysts produced by green synthesis and their application in water pu
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Superficial properties of activated carbon fiber catalysts produced by green synthesis and their application in water purification Fernanda Miranda Zoppas 1 & Thiago Favarini Beltrame 2 & Florencia Agustina Sosa 1 & Andrea Moura Bernardes 2 & Eduardo Miró 1 & Fernanda Albana Marchesini 1 Received: 10 March 2020 / Accepted: 3 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Catalysts of Pd-In supported on activated carbon fiber were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for the removal of nitrogen oxyanions from water. The work was carried out aiming the development of a green synthesis process, and the studies were accomplished with the following objectives: (a) to evaluate whether catalysts produced by wet impregnation (WI) and autocatalytic deposition (AD) have enough catalytic activity for the removal of oxyanions in water; (b) to determine the efficiency of ion removal using formic acid as a reducing agent; (c) to determine which synthesis method produces less waste. It was found that the two synthesis processes modified the properties of the support and that the distribution of the particles of the metallic phase was of the nanometric order, being these particles found predominantly at the support surface. By using formic acid as a reducing agent, although low nitrate conversions were obtained (32%), a selectivity to N2 higher than 99% was achieved. These findings were attributed to the low decomposition of formic acid on the catalyst surface. The Pd:In (0.45:0.2) catalyst prepared by WI was the most suitable for the catalytic reduction of both nitrate and nitrite oxyanions. Regarding the green point of view of the synthesis method, catalysts prepared by WI generated less waste.
Keywords Pd,In on activated carbon fibers . Nitrate and nitrite reduction . Waste minimization by catalyst synthesis . Comparison of different synthesis methods . Wet impregnation and autocatalytic deposition
Highlights • Pd,In catalysts supported on carbon fibers were prepared by two different synthesis methods and evaluated for the elimination of nitrates and nitrites in water. • Total nitrite conversion was obtained using catalysts produced either by impregnation or by autocatalytic deposition. • Although the nitrate conversion was not high using FA as the reducing agent, SN2 was greater than 99%. • The Pd:In (0.45:0.2) catalyst prepared by wet impregnation was the most suitable for the catalytic removal of oxyanions from water. • The catalysts prepared by wet impregnation presented less generation of liquid waste than AD catalysts. Responsible Editor: Angeles Blanco Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10012-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Fernanda Miranda Zoppas [email protected] 1
Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (FIQ, UNL-CONICET), Santiago del Estero, 2829, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
2
Laboratório de Corrosão, proteção e reciclag
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