Green Applications of Carbon Nanostructures produced by Plasma Techniques
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Green Applications of Carbon Nanostructures produced by Plasma Techniques Marquidia Pacheco1, Joel Pacheco1, Ricardo Valdivia1, Alfredo Santana2, Xin Tu3, Doroteo Mendoza1,4, Hilda Frias1, Lourdes Medina1,2, Jaime Macias1,2 1
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México-Toluca, Ocoyoacac. MEX. 2 Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Toluca, MEX. 3 Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GJ,UK. 4 Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, UNAM, CDMX, MEX
ABSTRACT The study of several types of plasma reactors used to obtain carbon nanostructures (CNS) is realized in the Laboratory of Plasma Applications. To obtain carbon nanotubes (CNT) thermal plasma was used and carbon nanofibers (CNF) were obtained with glow discharge. Optical emission spectroscopy was applied to correlate some plasma parameters with CNS growth. Several analytical techniques are used to study CNS obtained by both plasma techniques. In this work, we present results concerning the use of CNS as harmful gases traps and some results of a CNT based supercapacitor prototype are also depicted. Experimental results here detailed, show the capacity of CNF to absorb nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and, at less proportion, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). CNF films were obtained by electrophoretic deposition technique and by adding CNT ink; preliminary results showed a capacitance value of 2.69 F/g. This value remains still low compared to some supercapacitors, therefore additional work has to be done in order to improve the capacitance value.
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, carbon nanostructures already have a huge diversity of commercial applications like composites in bicycles in winning Tour de France, ship hull coated with antifouling CNT paint, printed CNT transistors on polymer film, spacecraft’s shields [1] and even to prevent dental caries [2] and as cigarette filters [3]. Applications of CNF can also be observed on environmental applications to develop oxidative removal of NO from flue gas [4] and as promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries [5], for example. In the following sections we mention other examples concerning the use of CNS on pollution treatment and to store energy. Carbon nanostructures on pollution prevention Nanotechnology could play a key role on the efficiently use of raw materials, energy and water and to reduce or to eliminate creation of waste. For example, nanostructure-based home
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lighting could reduce energy consumption by 10% in the United States and would ultimately reduce carbon emissions by some 200 million tons per year [6]. An additional example is the use of carbon nanotubes in computer displays; they may further diminish the environmental impacts by eliminating toxic h
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