Surface-hydrophilic-modified carbon aerogels via surface-initiated electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical poly
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Surface-hydrophilic-modified carbon aerogels via surface-initiated electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization for high-performance supercapacitors Jian Chang1,2, Hua Li1,*
, Lei Yang1, and Hezhou Liu1
1
State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China 2 China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, 100076 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Received: 21 February 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 10 October 2020
Surface electrolyte-philic functionalization of carbon aerogels (CAs) by surfaceinitiated electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (SIeATRP) of hydrophilic polymer brushes of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was successfully carried out. The modified composite electrode is more hydrophilic with better wettability in an aqueous electrolyte than the pristine CAs. The modified electrodes possess a higher specific capacitance of 279 F/g, excellent rate performance, and good cycling stability due to combining the advantages of both CAs and hydrophilic property. In addition, this study confirmed that higher electrode/electrolyte contact area lead to higher charge/discharge rates during the energy storage progress. Through the simple modification method, hydrophilic CAs with excellent properties were obtained which have promising application in energy conversion and storage fields.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
1 Introduction Nowadays, more and more attention has been paid to the cost-effective and eco-friendly electrode materials which are mostly used in the fields of energy storage. Porous carbon gets from green, reproducible biomass and its derivatives has been widely reported in recently years [1–8]. Carbon aerogels (CAs) is one new porous high surface area materials derived by sol-gel chemistry. With high surface area, it shows
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04650-7
great potential in supercapacitor electrode materials. Chitosan, which can easily form a 3D hierarchical porous scaffold, is usually used as the precursor to fabricate CAs [9–12]. However, the insufficient electrochemical performances of carbon aerogels in the supercapacitor are often the main reason for limiting their application for energy storage devices [13, 14]. With both of these advantages and disadvantages of the CAs, more and more efforts have been devoted to exploring electrode materials.
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
Up to now, surface wetting properties of electrode are the currently subject of numerous investigations because the enhancement of electrode surface wettability could improve in electrode performance concomitantly [15–17]. Assresahegn and Be´langer [18] have modified the carbon black with a hydrophilic polyacrylic acid layer to increase the capacitance, wettability, and capacitance retention. Zhang and coworkers [19] have reported covalent grafting of poly(N-vinylpyrrol
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