Surface Modification and Electrochemical Performance of Al 2 O 3 Coated and Ni-Doped Spinel LiMn 2 O 4 for Aqueous Recha
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urface Modification and Electrochemical Performance of Al2O3 Coated and Ni-Doped Spinel LiMn2O4 for Aqueous Rechargeable Battery Applications S. Pavithraa, P. Sivarajb, P. Arjunanc, S. Prabhud, R. Rameshd, P. Yuvaraja, and N. Sivakumara, * aPG b
and Research Department of Physics, Chikkaiah Naicker College, Erode, 638004 India Department of Physics, Nallamuthu Gounder Mahalingam College, Pollachi, 642001 India c Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003 India d Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, 636011 India *e-mail: [email protected] Received July 16, 2019; revised September 20, 2019; accepted September 27, 2019
Abstract—This work reports the synthesis and electrochemical performance of the nickel-doped lithium manganese oxide along with the surface modification of the mentioned oxide coated with the aluminum oxide via a solid state route. The structural and functional groups were confirmed by the X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy studies, respectively. A pyramid-like structure of the pure lithium manganese oxide and a plate-like structure of lithium manganese nickel oxide coated by Al2O3 were confirmed by the field emission scanning electron microscopy. The exchange current density and the charge transfer resistance were calculated via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in an aqueous electrolyte system. In that system, the electrochemical behaviour of the lithium manganese oxide, of the lithium manganese nickel oxide, and of the Al2O3 coated lithium manganese nickel oxide was studied by the charge/discharge analysis. The Al2O3 coated lithium manganese nickel oxide exhibits 91% capacity retention up to 100 charge/discharge cycles as well as a lower charge transfer resistance which are far better than previously reported values. Keywords: lithium manganese oxide, nickel doped lithium manganese oxide, aluminum oxide coated nickel doped lithium manganese oxide, 5 M lithium nitrate aqueous electrolyte, surface modification route DOI: 10.3103/S1068375520040122
INTRODUCTION Lithium-ion batteries are used as energy storage devices due to their high specific energy density (≥150 Wh/kg), admirable cyclic stability (>1000 cycles), and low toxicity; they are also considered to be a proficient way in the reduction of environmental pollution [1–3]. In general, a number of cathode materials are available in the enrichment of lithiumion batteries such as LiMn2O4, LiCoO2, and LiNiO2 [4, 5]. Among them, LiMn2O4—lithium manganese oxide (LMO), occupies a major part in the production of lithium ion battery cathode materials, because of its low cost, easy preparation, and environmental harmlessness [6]. LMO belongs to a face-centered spinel structural family (Fd3m space group). In LMO, Li, Mn, and O ions occupy 8a tetrahedral sites, 16d octahedral sites, and 32e sites, respectively. In addition, an LMO cathode material tolerates a 3D network for lithium-ion diffusion. Both lithium insertion and deinsertion reaction are rapid when expending LMO as cathode material for lithium-ion bat
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