A novel two-step preparation of spinel LiMn 2 O 4 nanowires and its electrochemical performance charaterization
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Dongfeng Chen Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
Meng Yan College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Jie Peng Experimental Physics Center, Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
Mei Mei Wu Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
Xiao Ling Xiaoa) and Zhong-Bo Hub) College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Received 13 January 2012; accepted 17 April 2012)
LiMn2O4 nanowires have been synthesized by a two-step approach. c-MnOOH nanowires are firstly synthesized by hydrothermal method and after further sintering with LiOH at 750 °C for about 3 h, the wire-like LiMn2O4 can be obtained. The structure of the final product is characterized by x-ray diffraction using Rietveld refinement. Its electrochemical performance is investigated by galvanostatic tests. The as-prepared LiMn2O4 nanowires display excellent cyclability. The LiMn2O4 nanowires with good cycle stability may be beneficial from the structural stability of LiMn2O4 crystal cell and one-dimensional nanostructure.
I. INTRODUCTION
It has been 20 years since the rechargeable Li-ion batteries were first commercialized. The creation of the LiCoO2/C rocking chair system opened a new era for the research and application of this energy storage device.1 Since then, various sorts of materials were developed to satisfy the increasing requirements of the market. Nowadays, rechargeable Li-ion batteries are the key components for the consumer electronics, mobile phones, laptop computers, and even pure or hybrid electronic vehicles.2 As mentioned in previous reports,3,4 the cathode materials play a significant role on the performance, price, and safety of the Li-ion batteries. Hence, considerable attentions have been paid to the research and development of novel materials with high capacity, environmental friendly, low cost, and security features.5–8 Since it was first introduced to the market in 1991 by SONY Corporation, LiCoO2 has been widely used. It can be easily prepared and enables a fast and reversible Li1 intercalation/deintercalation due to its well-ordered layered Address all correspondence to these authors. a) e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2012.152 1750
J. Mater. Res., Vol. 27, No. 13, Jul 14, 2012
http://journals.cambridge.org
Downloaded: 11 Mar 2015
structure. The lithium ions can intercalate/deintercalate fluently between the layers.9,10 Nevertheless, the high price and toxicity of Cobalt have enforced researchers to seek candidates for replacing Cobalt in recent years. Among them, spinel LiMn2O4 is a promising alternative material. Based on its low cost, environmental friendliness, and nontoxicity features, it has attracted more and more interests.11–14 Furthermore, one group in Fudan University h
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