Surface modification and electrochemical performance of KMnO 4 -ultra-surface area activated carbon (USAC) composites as
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Surface modification and electrochemical performance of KMnO4‑ultra‑surface area activated carbon (USAC) composites as cathode material Zambaga Otgonbayar1 · K amrun Nahar Fatema1 · Md Nazmodduha Rafat1 · Jihyeon Ryu4 · Sun‑Hye Yang2 · Ick‑Jun Kim2 · Won‑Chun Oh1,3 Received: 14 March 2020 / Revised: 30 April 2020 / Accepted: 6 May 2020 © The Korean Ceramic Society 2020
Abstract The goal of this study was to analyse the impact of a combination of a sub-active material (KMnO4) with surface modification to the activated carbon surface for enhanced cathode performance. Activated carbon with ultra-specific surface area (USAC, TCK-PBM, 2560.4 m 2/g) was used for the preparation of our composite with potassium permanganate ( KMnO4). The physical characteristics of this As-treated USAC sample were analysed through XRD, SEM and EDX analysis. The XRD analysis was used to examine structural properties; surface analysis undertaken by SEM; EDX analysis was used to measure the metal content of the sample as well as the content after treatment with KMnO4. It was shown USAC treated with KMnO4 had more than a 10.5 μg acidic group by the Boehm titration method. The electrochemical properties of KMnO4-USAC were investigated for varying electrolyte concentration (0.1, 0.5, 1.2 and 6 M) at ambient temperature (25 °C) and the electrode showed great electrochemical performance after ten cycles. Keywords Ultra-surface area activated carbon (USAC) · Sub-active material · Secondary battery electrode · Electrochemical performance
1 Introduction Activated carbon is a type of graphitic material, it has high specific surface area, good porosity, low preparation cost and its raw material is plentiful. In addition, activated carbon has shown high stability in acidic conditions [1–3]. Carbon-based materials have been used as electrode materials for decades [4, 5]. The properties of activated carbon * Won‑Chun Oh [email protected] 1
Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan‑si 356‑706, Chungnam, Korea
2
Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon‑si 641‑120, Kyungnam, Korea
3
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, People’s Republic of China
4
Department of Electro‑Functionality Materials Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
themselves can be modified to develop several advantageous activation characteristics. The modification of AC alters the exterior of the carbon and improves its surface area and porous structure [6–8]. Graphitic materials are mostly used as high-capacity electrode materials. Some researchers synthesize carbon-based electrodes with some transition metals [9], but these kinds of materials still have some problems such as high price, insufficient electrochemical stability and the fact they block ion-transfer in the pore structure of the trans-metal covered carbon material. When it comes to enhancing the properties
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