Surface Modification Of Polymers With Grafting And Coating Of Silane Hybrids And Their Bioactivity
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377 Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 576 ©1999 Materials Research Society
EXPERIMENTAL Commercially available sheets of HDPE (thickness 1.0 mm), PVC (thickness 0.5 mm) and PA (thickness 1.0 mm) were cut to pieces of lOx15 mm 2 in size, and their surfaces were polished with #2000 emery paper. All specimens were washed with distilled water in an ultrasonic cleaner for 3 min. After being rinsed with 2-propanol and dried at room temperature, the specimens were fixed with Al wire placed in the midst of a three-necked separable flask. The two of the threenecks were used for N 2 gas-inlet and outlet. Distilled water (1 00ml) was poured into the flask so that the specimens were located at the half-height depth. Sodium lauryl sulfate (1.5g) as the emulsifier was added. The solution was stirred at 60'C for 30 min under an N 2 flow. MOPS-M (lml) was then added dropwisely into the solution with a syringe. An aqueous solution (50ml) of potassium peroxodisulfate (1.5g) and Sodium lauryl sulfate sodium hydrogen sulfite (0.15g) was H20 prepared separately, and was added to the flask. The resultant solution was kept N2, 60°C under stirred at 60'C in the N2 flow for were rinsed with 120 min. The specimens 2-propanol. We denote this process as "standard operation", and these samples as K2 S 2 0 8 , NaHSO 3 Mlxl. After the standard operation, the samples were washed with distilled water in the ultrasonic cleaner for 3 min and were rendered to a second standard operation. They were samples Mlx2. A Grafted substrates similar procedure was also conducted with the solutions having twice and three times as much amount (2 or 3ml) of MOPS-M as Fig. 1. The flow diagram of emulsion grafting. in the standard operation. They were samples M2xl and M3xl, respectively. The samples after graft polymerization were observed under a scanning electron microscope (JEOL, JMSM-6300) equipped with an energy-dispersion X-ray (EDX) analyzer (model DX-4, Phillips). The contact angle toward distilled water was measured using an automatic contact angle meter (Kyowa interface science, CA-V) at 30'C with the sessile drop method. A simulated body fluid (the Kokubo solution, SBF) was prepared as described in the literature [6]. SBF contains the same inorganic components as the human blood plasma in similar concentrations as shown in table 1. It has been proved [2, 6] that in vivo apatite formation on implants is almost fully reproduced under in vitro experiments in SBF. The Table 1. Inorganic ion composition of a simulated body fluid (Kokubo solution) Ion concentration (mM) and human blood body plasma. [6] 2 K' Ca 2+Mg2+ Cl HC0 3 "HP0 4 - S0 4 0.5 1.0 142.0 5.0 2.5 1.5 147.8 4.2 SBF 1.0 0.5 Human plasma 142.0 5.0 2.5 1.5 103.0 27.0
Na+
2
pH = 7.40
378
"
grafted samples were soaked in 15ml SBF at 36.5°C up to 14 days. Then they were gently rinsed with distilled water and dried at room temperature. Thin film X-ray diffraction (TFXRD) patterns were taken with an X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku, RAD-II AX, Cu Kcc) attached with a thin-film diffraction apparatus. FT-I
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