Grafting Polymers
In recent decades, a series of strategies have been reported for modifing surface properties of natural and synthetic polymers. Among the strategies for the modification of polymers, grafting is considered the most ideal technique. Several monomers with s
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Grafting Polymers Sonal Choudhary, Kashma Sharma, Vishal Sharma, and Vijay Kumar
Abstract In recent decades, a series of strategies have been reported for modifing surface properties of natural and synthetic polymers. Among the strategies for the modification of polymers, grafting is considered the most ideal technique. Several monomers with specific physicochemical and surface characteristics can be grafted onto the polymers. Therefore, graft copolymerization is an attractive technique for providing several active sites into a polymer. Graft copolymerization began with a chemical process, such as photo-irradiation, among others, which were widely discussed in this chapter, as well as the most important control parameters on graft copolymerization were reviewed. The grafted polymers resulting via grafting have a brilliant scope and their progression is truly infinite. In this chapter, some of the essential applications and current challenges on copolymers were also realized. Finally, an outlook of future work that would benefit the field was addressed. Keywords Backbone · Copolymers · Free radicals · Monomers · Polimerization · Surface modification
8.1 Introduction Grafting is an attractive approach to impart a variety of functional groups onto a polymer. Thus, many amendment practices have been shown to increase the inherent properties of the conventional polymer backbone under required conditions (Ito and Nagai 2007; Goddard and Hotchkiss 2007; Muth et al. 2000). By introducing new reactive sites, the surface morphology of polymers can be tailored to improve certain properties for developing essential products. The incorporation of such S. Choudhary · K. Sharma · V. Sharma (*) Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India e-mail: [email protected] V. Kumar Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 T. J. Gutiérrez (ed.), Reactive and Functional Polymers Volume Two, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45135-6_8
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reaction sites makes them hydrophilic or hydrophobic, and provide chemical and thermal stability to the acid-base attack (Lv et al. 2008; Kalia and Kaith 2008a). This method modifies the structure-property relationship such as chemical reactivity, elasticity, glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm), permeability and solubility by combining natural and synthetic polymers through graft copolymerization based on the specific requirements (Moreira et al. 1997; Fares et al. 2003; Kaith and Kalia 2008a, b). Graft copolymerization modifies the vinyl monomers in the biopolymer backbone to incorporate favorable properties, while maintaining their required properties such as biodegradability, saline retention/water and thickening (Zohourian 2005). In this chapter, different grafting methods are analyzed. The two common grafting methods that can be used: (1) single-st
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