Surface plasmon resonance sensing of Ebola virus: a biological threat
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RESEARCH PAPER
Surface plasmon resonance sensing of Ebola virus: a biological threat Pushpendra K. Sharma 1 & Jyoti S. Kumar 1 & Virendra V. Singh 1 & Utpal Biswas 1 & Shyam S. Sarkar 1 & Syed I. Alam 1 & Paban K. Dash 1 & Mannan Boopathi 1 & Kumaran Ganesan 1 & Rajeev Jain 2,3 Received: 13 February 2020 / Revised: 19 March 2020 / Accepted: 3 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Here, different monoclonal antibodies (mAb1, mAb2 and mAb3) of Ebola virus were screened in a real-time and label-free manner using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to select an appropriate antibody for biosensor applications against a biological warfare agent. For this purpose, a gold SPR chip was modified with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), and modification was confirmed by FTIR-ATR and EIS. The 4-MBA-modified gold SPR chip was used for immobilization of the recombinant nucleoprotein of Ebola (EBOV-rNP), and the interactions of mAb1, mAb2 and mAb3 were then investigated to determine the best mAb based on the affinity constant (KD), expressed as equilibrium dissociation constant. KD values of 809 nM, 350 pM and 52 pM were found for the interaction of mAb1, mAb2 and mAb3 of Ebola with the immobilized EBOV-rNP, respectively, thus reflecting the high affinity of mAb3. This was confirmed by ELISA results. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS) for the interaction between mAb3 and EBOV-rNP were also determined, which revealed that the interaction was spontaneous, endothermic and driven by entropy. The SPR limit of detection of EBOV-rNP with mAb3 was 0.5 pg ml−1, showing mAb3 to be the best high-affinity antibody in our study. This study has opened up new possibilities for SPR screening of different monoclonal antibodies of BWA through the convergence of materials science and optical techniques. Keywords Nucleoprotein . Ebola virus . Bioweapon . Surface plasmon resonance . Biosensing
Introduction In recent years, there have been alarming situations involving exotic viral infections which pose a high risk to health systems, and the malicious use of these viruses could be catastrophic. The ability of viruses to cause deadly epidemics in human societies opens an avenue for possible use as biological warfare agents (BWA) [1]. The world recently witnessed the largest and deadliest outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EBOV), which spread quickly in several countries of West Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02641-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mannan Boopathi [email protected] 1
Defence Research & Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
2
School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
3
Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
Africa, resulting in high mortality rates, with more than 11,000 deaths. The evolving risk of the use of EBOV as a BWA attack, representing a threat to national security [2, 3], caused the Worl
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