Surface treatment of titanium dental implant with H 2 O 2 solution
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Surface treatment of titanium dental implant with H2O2 solution Mohammad Khodaei 1), Kamran Amini 2), Alireza Valanezhad 3), and Ikuya Watanabe 3) 1) Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Golpayegan University of Technology, Golpayegan 8771767498, Iran 2) Center for Advanced Engineering Research, Majlesi Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 196151194, Iran 3) Department of Dental and Biomedical Materials Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan (Received: 22 October 2019; revised: 8 February 2020; accepted: 12 February 2020)
Abstract: The surface treatment is important for titanium and its alloys as promising candidates for dental implantation due to their bioinert surface. Titanium surface samples were modified using H2O2 solution at different times up to 72 h to boost their bioactivity. According to the results of the field emission scanning electron microscopy test, some nanostructures are formed on the surface of treated titanium samples and increased in size by increasing the time of treatment up to 24 h. After 24 h of application, the sharpness of nanostructures decreased and the micro-cracks and discontinuity in the coating surface increased. The results of the X-ray diffraction study and Raman spectroscopy revealed that anatase (TiO2) was formed on the surface of treated titanium samples. The peak intensity of Raman spectroscopy increased with an improvement in treatment time of up to 24 h and then decreased due to the discontinuity of the coating. Full wettability and ability to form apatite were reached at 6 h of treatment. It is clear that the treatment time has a significant effect on the surface treatment of titanium using the H2O2 solution. Keywords: titanium implant; surface treatment; hydrogen peroxide; anatase; dental implant
1. Introduction One of the major problems with dental and orthopedic titanium implants is the friction of the interface between the implant and the surrounding hard tissue. Problems arising from lack of fixation include wear and tear of the drug, movement and displacement of the implant, and consequent contamination of the tissue around the implant [1]. The fixation of implants is made possible by three different methods, including mechanical, biological, and biochemical paths. Among all metallic biomaterials, titanium tends to be more suitable for load-bearing implantation due to its low elasticity [2], good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility [3], and fatigue life [4]. Nevertheless, titanium and its alloys are bioinert. Improving their bioactivity is therefore still a problem. Generally speaking, the enhancement of the surface bioactivity of titanium implants can be achieved using two different methods: (i) bioactive coating deposition such as hydroxyapatite (HA), bioglass (BG), etc. on the surface of titanium, (ii) bioactive phase formation in situ (anatase, rutile, etc.) using processes such as alkali-heat treatment [5], H2O2 treatme
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