Surfaces and Interfaces: X-Ray Studies
These lectures are dedicated to the structural aspect of surfaces and interfaces as studied by X-ray diffraction based techniques.
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NEUTRON AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION FOR CONDENSED MATTER STUDIES
Volume II
APPLICATIONS TO SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY Editors Jose Baruchel Jean-Louis Hodeau Mogens S. Lehmann Jean-Rene Regnard Claire Schlenker
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
The HERCULES Course is organized by :
Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)
Universite Joseph Fourier de Grenoble (VJF)
Universite Paris-Sud
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Formation Permanente
Institut National des Sciences et Techniques NucIeaires (INSTN)
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It is supported by :
- Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Commission of the European Communities - Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) - European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) - Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) - Laboratoire Leon Brillouin (LLB) - Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation du Rayonnement Electromagnetique (LURE) - Institut des Etudes Scientifiques Avancees de Grenoble
Secretariat HERCULES Marie-Claude Simpson Maison des Magisteres Jean Perrin - CNRS BP 166 - F-38042 GRENOBLE CEDEX 9
Cover photograph by Balmain ISBN 978-3-540-57691-4 ISBN 978-3-662-22223-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-22223-2 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the French and German Copyright Laws of March 11, 1957 and September 9, 1965, respectively. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the French and German Copyright Laws. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1994.
FOREWORD This volume belongs to the series of the HERCULES Course on Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation for Condensed Matter studies. This course, coorganized by Universities in Grenoble and Paris, CNRS and INSTN, takes place since 1991 in Grenoble, elose to and with the support of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) and the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL). The first volume gave general presentation of the theory, instruments and methods used in the fields. This second volume, which corresponds to a two-week course, is devoted to selected applications in Physics and Chemistry of Solids. This domain of applications is extremely wide and no attempt has been made to cover it entirely. It ineludes fourteen chapters, from general considerations on symmetry in condensed matter to the most recent developments on magnetic excitations and electron spectroscopies in high Tc superconductors. The subjects have been chosen, either for their basic importance or in relation with recent developments. The fifteen authors have been selected on account of their high scientific level and teaching skills. Among them, Jean Rossat-Mignod