Surfactant-assisted doctor-blading-printed FAPbBr 3 films for efficient semitransparent perovskite solar cells
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Surfactant-assisted doctor-blading-printed FAPbBr3 films for efficient semitransparent perovskite solar cells Hangkai YING1, Yifan LIU1, Yuxi DOU1, Jibo ZHANG1, Zhenli WU1, Qi ZHANG2,3, Yi-Bing CHENG1,4, Jie ZHONG (✉)1
1 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China 3 School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK 4 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
© Higher Education Press 2020
Abstract Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have generated wide interest due to the rapid development of their photovoltaic conversion efficiencies. However, the majority of the reported devices have been fabricated via spin coating with a device area of < 1 cm2. In this study, we fabricated a wide-bandgap formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) film using a cost-effective, high-yielding doctor-blade-coating process. The effects of different surfactants, such as l-α-phosphatidylcholine, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, sodium lauryl sulfonate, and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, were studied during the printing process. Accompanying the optimization of the blading temperature, crystal sizes of over 10 mm and large-area perovskite films of 5 cm 5 cm were obtained using this method. The printed FAPbBr3 solar cells exhibited a short-circuit current density of 8.22 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 1.175 V, and an efficiency of 7.29%. Subsequently, we replaced the gold with silver nanowires as the top electrode to prepare a semitransparent perovskite solar cell with an average transmittance (400–800 nm) of 25.42%, achieving a highpower efficiency of 5.11%. This study demonstrates efficient doctor-blading printing for preparing large-area FAPbBr3 films that possess high potential for applications in building integrated photovoltaics. Keywords semitransparent, printing, perovskite solar cell (PSC), doctor blading, wide bandgap
Received May 1, 2020; accepted June 10, 2020 E-mail: [email protected]
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Introduction
Semitransparent solar cells are an ideal choice for building integrated photovoltaics, which can be used as electricitygenerating facades, roofs, and windows [1,2]. Moreover, such devices can also be used in electric cars and tandem solar cells [3]. Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have generated wide interest since 2009 due to their unprecedented high efficiency and potential economic advantages as a low-cost photovoltaic technology [4–6]. There are many amazing optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials, such as a high carrier mobility, a long charge diffusion length, and a high absorption coefficient, which promise high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) for PSCs [7] of more than 25.0% [8]. By regulating the thickness of the perovskite layers and/or using widebandgap p
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